{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:58:23Z","timestamp":1792789103902,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province","award":["202503021212182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202503021212182"]}]},{"name":"PhD of Shanxi Agricultural University Scientific Research Start-up Project","award":["2024BQ50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BQ50"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05e9f5362","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["2024BQ50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024BQ50"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05e9f5362","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanxi Province Doctoral Work Award-Scientific Research Project","award":["SXBYKY2024114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SXBYKY2024114"]}]},{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-07-A-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-07-A-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03p5eky76","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Self-initiated Research Projects of Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province","award":["Y-202504010920003-1-4a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y-202504010920003-1-4a"]}]},{"name":"Self-initiated Research Projects of Hou Ji Laboratory in Shanxi Province","award":["Y-202604010920003-3-5b"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y-202604010920003-3-5b"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The RAV transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, the RAV gene family has not been systematically characterized in oat. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of the RAV gene family in oat and investigated their expression patterns under PEG-simulated drought stress. A total of 12 AsRAV genes were identified in oat, which were distributed across six chromosomes. The AsRAV genes were classified into four groups, with members within the same group sharing similar conserved motifs. Promoter cis-element analysis identified various stress- and hormone-related elements. Synteny analyses suggested that both tandem and segmental duplication events played important roles in the expansion of the AsRAV gene family. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR analyses showed that nine AsRAV genes were significantly up-regulated under PEG-simulated drought stress, with AsRAV1 showing the highest expression level. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that AsRAV1 is localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Collectively, our findings provide a comprehensive characterization of the AsRAV genes and lay a foundation for further functional studies on the drought stress response in oat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15191749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:10:48Z","timestamp":1790932248000},"page":"1749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive Analysis of the RAV Gene Family and Its Expression Patterns Under PEG-Simulated Drought Stress in Avena sativa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Shirui","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-original-draft","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"conceptualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"visualization","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"data-curation","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Mingchuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Zhang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"methodology","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"formal-analysis","vocabulary":"credit"}]},{"given":"Longlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Houji Laboratory in Shanxi Province, Center for Agricultural Genetic Resources Research, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Minor Crop Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taiyuan 030031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"},{"role":"writing-review-editing","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"funding-acquisition","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"project-administration","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"resources","vocabulary":"credit"},{"role":"investigation","vocabulary":"credit"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-025-04823-0","article-title":"Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) AP2\/ERF transcription factor, CaERF2 enhances salt stress tolerance through ROS scavenging","volume":"138","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2023.108260","article-title":"The B3 gene family in Medicago truncatula: Genome-wide identification and the response to salt stress","volume":"206","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcu069","article-title":"RAV genes: Regulation of floral induction and beyond","volume":"114","author":"Pelaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.16453","article-title":"The RAV transcription factor TEMPRANILLO1 involved in ethylene-mediated delay of chrysanthemum flowering","volume":"116","author":"Cheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.2.470","article-title":"RAV1, a novel DNA-binding protein, binds to bipartite recognition sequence through two distinct DNA-binding domains uniquely found in higher plants","volume":"27","author":"Kagaya","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-022-02855-0","article-title":"The co-modulation of RAV transcription factors in ROS burst and extensive transcriptional reprogramming underlies disease resistance in cassava","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13382","article-title":"The strawberry transcription factor FaRAV1 positively regulates anthocyanin accumulation by activation of FaMYB10 and anthocyanin pathway genes","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2023.12.032","article-title":"Functional identification of Medicago truncatula MtRAV1 in regulating growth and development","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, Y.G., Zhang, Y.T., Shan, J.M., Ji, Y.J., Zhang, X.M., Li, W.B., Li, D.M., and Zhao, L. (2022). Growth repressor GmRAV binds to the GmGA3ox promoter to negatively regulate plant height development in soybean. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031721"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2103895118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2103895118","article-title":"TEM1 combinatorially binds to FLOWERING LOCUS T and recruits a Polycomb factor to repress the floral transition in Arabidopsis","volume":"118","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, S.P., Xu, Z.S., Zheng, W.J., Zhao, W., Wang, Y.X., Yu, T.F., Chen, M., Zhou, Y.B., Min, D.H., and Ma, Y.Z. (2017). Genome-wide analysis of the RAV family in soybean and functional identification of GmRAV-03 involvement in salt and drought stresses and exogenous ABA treatment. Front. Plant Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00905"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J.L., Song, C.Y., Li, H.M., Wang, S.Q., Hu, L.Y., Yin, Y.L., Wang, Z.H., and He, W.X. (2023). Comprehensive analysis of cucumber RAV family genes and functional characterization of CsRAV1 in salt and ABA tolerance in cucumber. Front. Plant Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1115874"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, T.Z., Zang, S.J., Sun, X.L., Zhang, J., Su, Y.C., Wang, D.J., Wu, G.R., Chen, R.Q., Que, Y.X., and Lin, Q. (2024). Molecular identification and functional characterization of a transcription factor GeRAV1 from Gelsemium elegans. BMC Genom., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-023-09919-9"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11418","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.5c12802","article-title":"Transcription factor StHRAV1 negatively regulates thermotolerance by modulating ROS accumulation in potato","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730175","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2730175","article-title":"Nutritional and phytochemical composition and associated health benefits of oat (Avena sativa) grains and oat-based fermented food products","volume":"2023","author":"Alemayehu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, I.S., Hwang, C.W., Yang, W.S., and Kim, C.H. (2021). Multiple antioxidative and bioactive molecules of oats (Avena sativa L.) in human health. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10091454"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-020-10093-5","article-title":"Source\u2013sink adjustment: A mechanistic understanding of the timing and severity of drought stress on photosynthesis and grain yields of two contrasting oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes","volume":"40","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11199","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-15322-3","article-title":"Effects of drought stress during critical periods on the photosynthetic characteristics and production performance of Naked oat (Avena nuda L.)","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04732-y","article-title":"The mosaic oat genome gives insights into a uniquely healthy cereal crop","volume":"606","author":"Kamal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.20.00562","article-title":"Genes of the RAV family control heading date and carpel development in rice","volume":"183","author":"Osnato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Y.X., Chen, S.K., Wang, P.D., Peng, D., Zhang, X., Li, H.F., and Feng, C.Z. (2022). Genome-wide analysis of the RAV gene family in wheat and functional identification of TaRAV1 in salt stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23168834"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D523","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae997","article-title":"The Pfam protein families database: Embracing AI\/ML","volume":"53","author":"Andreeva","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D384","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1096","article-title":"The conserved domain database in 2023","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D499","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1023","article-title":"SMART v10: Three decades of the protein domain annotation resource","volume":"54","author":"Letunic","year":"2026","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.09.010","article-title":"TBtools-II: A \u201cone for all, all for one\u201d bioinformatics platform for biological big-data mining","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W39","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv416","article-title":"The MEME suite","volume":"43","author":"Bailey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.1.325","article-title":"PlantCARE, a database of plant cis-acting regulatory elements and a portal to tools for in silico analysis of promoter sequences","volume":"30","author":"Lescot","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W78","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae268","article-title":"Interactive Tree of Life (iTOL) v6: Recent updates to the phylogenetic tree display and annotation tool","volume":"52","author":"Letunic","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, S.R., Ji, X.J., Sai, F.M., Ma, M.C., Liu, Z., Zhang, L.J., and Liu, L.L. (2026). Comprehensive investigation of GRF transcription factors and associated responses to drought stress in oat (Avena sativa). Plants, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants15010160"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Li, A.X., Yun, P., Chen, Q., Pan, D.Y., Guo, R., Zhang, H., Ahmed, H.A.I., Hu, H.Y., and Peng, Y.Y. (2024). Genome-wide analysis of MYB transcription factor family and AsMYB1R subfamily contribution to ROS homeostasis regulation in Avena sativa under PEG-induced drought stress. BMC Plant Biol., 24.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12870-024-05251-w"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.51.5.914","article-title":"The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000","volume":"51","author":"Michel","year":"1973","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, D.B., Wei, L.X., Guo, J.J., Guo, Z.H., Guo, L.H., Gao, J.S., Cui, H.N., Tai, R.J., Guan, P.Y., and Zhang, L. (2026). Identification and expression profiling of LSD genes reveal their role in developmental and abiotic stress conditions in maize. Front. Plant Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2026.1760884"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.18.00836","article-title":"Rice qGL3\/OsPPKL1 functions with the GSK3\/SHAGGY-like kinase OsGSK3 to modulate brassinosteroid signaling","volume":"31","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Romanel, E.A., Schrago, C.G., Cou\u00f1ago, R.M., Russo, C.A., and Alves-Ferreira, M. (2009). Evolution of the B3 DNA binding superfamily: New insights into REM family gene diversification. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005791"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.H., Li, Y.J., Zhang, H.H., Ma, Q., Wei, Z.Y., Chen, J.P., and Sun, Z.T. (2021). Genome-wide analysis of the RAV transcription factor genes in rice reveals their response patterns to hormones and virus infection. Viruses, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/v13050752"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-021-03782-2","article-title":"Identification, evolutionary analysis and functional diversification of RAV gene family in cotton (G. hirsutum L.)","volume":"255","author":"Kabir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J.L., Deng, Z.W., Liang, C.L., Sun, H.W., Li, D.L., Song, J.K., Zhang, S.L., and Wang, R. (2021). Genome-wide analysis of RAV transcription factors and functional characterization of anthocyanin-biosynthesis-related RAV genes in pear. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115567"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pei, M.K., Yang, P., Li, J., Wang, Y.Z., Li, J., Xu, H.J., and Li, J. (2024). Comprehensive analysis of pepper (Capsicum annuum) RAV genes family and functional identification of CaRAV1 under chilling stress. BMC Genom., 25.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10639-x"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1038\/s41477-024-01866-x","article-title":"The near-complete genome assembly of hexaploid wild oat reveals its genome evolution and divergence with cultivated oats","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1038\/35080508","article-title":"The arms race is ancient history in Arabidopsis, the wildflower","volume":"2","author":"Holub","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, T., Chen, C.J., Li, C.H., Liu, J.R., Liu, C.Y., and He, Y.H. (2018). Genome-wide investigation of WRKY gene family in pineapple: Evolution and expression profiles during development and stress. BMC Genom., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4880-x"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1775","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-022-02896-5","article-title":"NtRAV4 negatively regulates drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum by enhancing antioxidant capacity and defence system","volume":"41","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y.H., Ye, X., Zhao, B.Y., Wang, W.J., Zhou, Z.F., Zhang, X.Q., Du, J., Song, J.L., Huang, X.L., and Ouyang, K.X. (2024). Comprehensive analysis of B3 family genes in pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) and the negative regulator role of PgRAV-04 in drought tolerance. Front. Plant Sci., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1400301"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2024.109112","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of the AP2\/ERF gene family in Pennisetum glaucum and the negative role of PgRAV01 in drought tolerance","volume":"216","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.15350","article-title":"MeRAV5 promotes drought stress resistance in cassava by modulating hydrogen peroxide and lignin accumulation","volume":"107","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.147709","article-title":"Machine learning and functional validation identify OsRAV11\/12 as negative regulators of drought tolerance and early flowering in rice","volume":"329","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/15\/19\/1749\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:23:28Z","timestamp":1790933008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-7737\/15\/19\/1749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["biology15191749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biology15191749","relation":{},"ISSN":["2079-7737"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2079-7737","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]}}}