{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:56:02Z","timestamp":1792788962010,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qilu Institute of Technology","award":["QIT24TP003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QIT24TP003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02g8mnh88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Qilu Institute of Technology","award":["QIT23TP011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QIT23TP011"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02g8mnh88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["QIT24TP003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QIT24TP003"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02g8mnh88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["QIT23TP011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QIT23TP011"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02g8mnh88","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholar Young Talent Program","award":["tsqn202312256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["tsqn202312256"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovation and Technology Foundation of Shandong Higher Education Institutions, China","award":["2022KJ136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ136"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","award":["ZR2024QB122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QB122"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic diseases, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), remain among the most challenging disorders to diagnose and treat owing to a series of interconnected biological barriers, including dense stromal desmoplasia, profound immunosuppression, hypoxia, therapeutic resistance, and the lack of effective early-detection strategies. Overcoming these barriers requires multifunctional platforms capable of integrating diagnosis, microenvironment regulation, and precision therapy within a single system. Metal\u2013organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of highly tunable porous crystalline materials, have emerged as uniquely suited candidates for this purpose because of their programmable composition, structural versatility, catalytic activity, and capacity for multifunctional integration. Notably, MOFs have evolved from passive drug carriers into active regulators of disease-associated biological processes, enabling enhanced drug delivery, extracellular matrix remodeling, ferroptosis- and cuproptosis-based precision therapy, energy-triggered reactive oxygen species generation, immune microenvironment reprogramming, and imaging-guided theranostics. Beyond pancreatic cancer, emerging evidence further supports their potential applications in pancreatitis management and interventional therapeutic enhancement. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in the rational engineering of MOFs for pancreatic diseases, focusing on how material design strategies are leveraged to overcome key pathological barriers and improve therapeutic outcomes. We further discuss current challenges associated with biosafety, biodegradation, large-scale manufacturing, and clinical translation, while highlighting future opportunities for the development of next-generation MOF-based precision nanomedicines. By integrating advances across materials science, nanomedicine, and pancreatic disease biology, this review provides a comprehensive framework for the design and translational development of MOF-enabled diagnostic and therapeutic platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology15191783","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T11:26:53Z","timestamp":1791458813000},"page":"1783","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rewiring Biological Barriers in Pancreatic Diseases with Metal\u2013Organic Frameworks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiewen","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congzhen","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changxing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhe","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanxiao","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1681-8531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7966-6560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1929-9351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7309-5539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Zi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic\/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Analysis and Testing Center, Frontiers Science Center for High Energy Material, Advanced Technology Research Institute (Jinan), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21834","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"74","author":"Bray","year":"2024","journal-title":"CA-Cancer J. 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