{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:49:48Z","timestamp":1792651788171,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]],"date-time":"2019-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1557532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In recent years, several studies have examined the potential associations between mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In MS, neurological disability results from inflammation, demyelination, and ultimately, axonal damage within the central nervous system. The sustained inflammatory phase of the disease leads to ion channel changes and chronic oxidative stress. Several independent investigations have demonstrated mitochondrial respiratory chain deficiency in MS, as well as abnormalities in mitochondrial transport. These processes create an energy imbalance and contribute to a parallel process of progressive neurodegeneration and irreversible disability. The potential roles of mitochondria in neurodegeneration are reviewed. An overview of mitochondrial diseases that may overlap with MS are also discussed, as well as possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of MS and other neurodegenerative conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology8020037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,13]],"date-time":"2019-05-13T05:35:39Z","timestamp":1557725739000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":214,"title":["Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3843-4520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella Peixoto de","family":"Barcelos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0935, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regina M.","family":"Troxell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0935, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Graves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0935, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"50","article-title":"Omental transplantation for neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"3","author":"Rafael","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. 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