{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T07:09:13Z","timestamp":1760425753160,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1576800000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009378","name":"Institute of Manuscripts and Revival of Islamic Heritage, Umm Al-Qura University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15-Sci\u20133\u20131\u20130067"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15-Sci\u20133\u20131\u20130067"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009378","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the early risk of developing cancer by inhalation of low doses (60 \u00b5L\/day) of methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) vapors using protein SDS-PAGE and LC-MS\/MS analysis of rat sera. Furthermore, histological alterations were assessed in the trachea and lungs of 60 adult male Wistar rats. SDS-PAGE of blood sera showed three protein bands corresponding to 29, 28, and 21 kDa. Mass spectroscopy was used to identify these three bands. The upper and middle protein bands showed homology to carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA II), whereas the lower protein band showed homology with peroxiredoxin 2. We found that exposure to MTBE resulted in histopathological alterations in the trachea and the lungs. The histological anomalies of trachea and lung showed that the lumen of trachea, bronchi, and air alveoli packed with free and necrotic epithelial cells (epithelialization). The tracheal lamina propria of lung demonstrated aggregation of lymphoid cells, lymphoid hyperplasia, hemorrhage, adenomas, fibroid degeneration, steatosis, foam cells, severe inflammatory cells with monocytic infiltration, edema, hemorrhage. Occluded, congested, and hypertrophied lung arteries in addition, degenerated thyroid follicles, were observed. The hyaline cartilage displayed degeneration, deformation, and abnormal protrusion. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhalation of very low concentrations of the gasoline additive MTBE could induce an increase in protein levels and resulted in histopathological alterations of the trachea and the lungs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9010002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]],"date-time":"2019-12-20T09:50:33Z","timestamp":1576835433000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact Effect of Methyl Tertiary-Butyl Ether \u201cTwelve Months Vapor Inhalation Study in Rats\u201d"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Osama M.","family":"Sarhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 673, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2815-3645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antrix","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamed M. A.","family":"Mutwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 673, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gamal H.","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 673, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Microbial Genetics Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Giza, Cairo 12619, Egypt"},{"name":"Research Laboratories Center, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca 24381, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1521-7977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung","family":"Yun Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tawfik","family":"Issa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Elmogy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entomology Department, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1776","article-title":"Two-year drinking water carcinogenicity study of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) in Wistar rats","volume":"33","author":"Dodd","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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