{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:16:52Z","timestamp":1772705812407,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]],"date-time":"2020-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental clinics, furnished with an array of specialized equipment, are commonplace, particularly in industrialized countries. Minimizing the risk of infection at the dental practice requires the formulation and implementation of strict protocols. These protocols must address the real risk posed by water contamination, particularly given that water is both integral to the function of some dental equipment, and is typically administered directly to the patient. The water in the dental clinic may be of local origin or from a water main, this can be problematic since the clinician often has little assurance regarding the quality of water reaching the dental chair. Though most modern dental equipment includes self-sterilization protocols, care must be taken that water does not stagnate anywhere in the dental equipment or clinic. The management of water quality at the dental clinic is an important part of respecting the protocols needed to manage the risk of patient infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9030043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T09:30:36Z","timestamp":1582882236000},"page":"43","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Water Contamination Risks at the Dental Clinic"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2311-9728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Cicci\u00f9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Policlinico G. Martino, Via Consolare Valeria, 98100 Me, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"691","article-title":"Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines: Current preventive measures and emerging options","volume":"17","author":"Williams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.11138\/orl\/2017.10.4.354","article-title":"Dental unit wastewater, a current environmental problem: A sistematic review","volume":"10","author":"Cataldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Implantol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph120302344","article-title":"Impact of a Risk Management Plan on Legionella Contamination of Dental Unit Water","volume":"12","author":"Leoni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. 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