{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T09:01:13Z","timestamp":1784192473434,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007652","name":"Instituto Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Agraria y Alimentaria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTA2013-00107-C03-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTA2013-00107-C03-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007652","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2017-85030-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2017-85030-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"DGA-FSE","award":["grant A07_17R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant A07_17R"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of cooled semen is relatively common in goats. There are a number of advantages of cooled semen doses, including easier handling of artificial insemination (AI) doses, transport, more AI doses per ejaculate, and higher fertility rates in comparison with frozen AI doses. However, cooled semen has a short shelf life. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of temperature and sperm concentration on the in vitro sperm quality during liquid storage for 48 h, including sperm motility and kinetics, response to oxidation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and DNA fragmentation in goats. Three experiments were performed. In the first, the effects of liquid preservation of semen at different temperatures (5 \u00b0C or 17 \u00b0C), durations (0, 24 and 48 h) and sperm concentrations (250 \u00d7 106 sperm\/mL (1:2 dilution rate), 166.7 \u00d7 106 sperm\/mL (1:3 dilution rate) or 50 \u00d7 106 sperm\/mL (1:10 dilution rate)) on sperm motility and kinetics were studied. In the second experiment, the effect of temperature, sperm washing and concentration on sperm motility and DNA fragmentation was studied. Finally, the effect of sperm concentration and duration of storage at 5 \u00b0C on sperm motility, response to oxidative stress and MMP was examined. We found that refrigerated liquid storage of goat sperm impaired sperm quality, such as motility, MMP and response to oxidation, as storage time increased; however, sperm DNA fragmentation index was not significantly affected. Liquid storage at 5 \u00b0C preserved higher total motility than at 17 \u00b0C. Moreover, we observed that the reduction of sperm concentration below 500 \u00d7 106 sperm\/mL did not seem to improve the quality of spermatozoa conserved in milk-based extender in the conditions tested.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9090300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]],"date-time":"2020-09-19T07:06:09Z","timestamp":1600499169000},"page":"300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effect of Sperm Concentration and Storage Temperature on Goat Spermatozoa during Liquid Storage"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4460-6146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Biolog\u00eda Funcional y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Del Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Biolog\u00eda Funcional y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balma","family":"Garc\u00eda-Colomer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Biolog\u00eda Funcional y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8774-420X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto A.","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Pol. La Esperanza 100, 12400 Castell\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5316-1703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas L.","family":"Y\u00e1niz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIOFITER Research Group, Institute of Environmental Sciences (IUCA), University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Gos\u00e1lvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"L\u00f3pez-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9260-5792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Silvestre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda Celular, Biolog\u00eda Funcional y Antropolog\u00eda F\u00edsica, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, 46100 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2008.01188.x","article-title":"Management of goat reproduction and insemination for genetic improvement in France","volume":"43","author":"Leboeuf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Reprod. 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