{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:13:23Z","timestamp":1791216803409,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004564","name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451-03-68\/2020-14\/200011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-68\/2020-14\/200011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004564","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biology"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study evaluated the effects of the application of microbial inoculants (N-fixing Klebsiella planticola and Enterobacter spp.), two rates of composite mineral fertilizers, and their combination on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), dehydrogenase (DHA), and proteinase activity (PTA) in Lessivated Cambisol and yield-related properties of maize and wheat grains in a two-year trial. Unfertilized soil was used as a control variant. MBC was measured using the chloroform fumigation-extraction method, DHA was determined spectrophotometrically by measuring the intensity of the formed red-colored triphenyl formazan, while PTA was determined using a titration method by measuring the degree of gelatine decomposition. In grain samples, P was determined spectrophotometrically, K\u2014by flame emission photometry, N\u2014on an elemental carbon\/nitrogen\/sulfur (CNS) analyzer, and crude proteins\u2014by calculation of N content. Measuring both crops\u2019 yield was carried out at the end of the vegetation. The results indicated that mineral fertilizers are not, in general, negative for soil microbiota when used in the context of sustainable agriculture without monoculture. There is a significant increase in the values of soil MBC, DHA, and PTA in the variants with combined application of bacterial inoculants and lower rates of mineral fertilizers. The highest values of these parameters were determined in the period with a better distribution of precipitation during the vegetation period of the year. The mentioned combination also resulted in a higher grain yield of maize and wheat comparing to the application of lower rates of the NPK nutrients solely. The combined application of high rates of mineral fertilizers and bacterial inoculants resulted in significantly increased N, P, K, and protein content in the grains of crops, and the same applied to yield. Concluding, studied bacterial inoculants can be used to specify the replacement of nitrogen fertilizers, stimulating the microbial biomass and enzyme activity in the soil, helping to ensure that the supply of nutrients contributing to an optimized yield of crops is maintained.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9120452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]],"date-time":"2020-12-08T09:17:04Z","timestamp":1607419024000},"page":"452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Case Study upon Foliar Application of Biofertilizers Affecting Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity in Soil and Yield Related Properties of Maize and Wheat Grains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dragana","family":"Latkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovi\u0107a 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5217-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Maksimovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4109-4106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoran","family":"Dinic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5848-1551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radmila","family":"Pivic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksandar","family":"Stanojkovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, P.O. Box 23, 11000 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5176-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Stanojkovic-Sebic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Soil Science, Teodora Drajzera 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-016-8104-0","article-title":"Biofertilizers: A potential approach for sustainable agriculture development","volume":"24","author":"Mahanty","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"6954","article-title":"Effect of different fertilizers on the microbial activity and productivity of soil under potato cultivation","volume":"10","author":"Mandic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. 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