{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:34:39Z","timestamp":1787027679971,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]],"date-time":"2020-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1578528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31872464"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31872464"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFD0501200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0501200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation from Jiangsu Province","award":["BZ2019013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BZ2019013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Galectins are glycan-binding proteins that are widely expressed and distributed in mammalian tissues as well as cells of innate and adaptive immune responses. CD4+ T-helper cells differentiate into effector subsets in response to cytokines. T helper 9 cells are one of the recently described subsets of effector T cells that are relatively new and less studied. In this study, galectin domain containing protein from Haemonchus contortus (Hc-GDC) was cloned, expressed in pET32a, and immunoblotting was performed. Localization of recombinant (r)Hc-GDC on outer and inner surface of H. contortus worm and binding with goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed using immunofluorescence assay. Moreover, effects of rHc-GDC on proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, and the nitric oxide production in goat PBMCs were evaluated. Furthermore, modulatory effects of rHc-GDC on production of Th1, Th2, and Th9 cells were evaluated by flowcytometry and on interferon gamma, interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-9 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that rHc-GDC was successfully cloned, expressed in expression vector as well as in the gut surface of adult H. contortus worm and successful binding with PBMCs surface were observed. Immunoblotting results revealed that rHc-GDC is an important active protein of H. contortus excretory and secretory products. Moreover, the interaction of rHc-GDC with host cells increased the production of Th2, Th9 cells, IL4, IL-9, PBMC proliferation, nitric oxide, and cell migration. No effects of rHc-GDC were observed on PMBC apoptosis, production of Th1 cells, and secretions of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-10 cytokines. These findings indicate that recombinant GDC protein from H. contortus modulates the immune functions of goat PBMCs and has the potential to enhance protective immunity by inducing T helper-9-derived IL-9 in vitro.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,10]],"date-time":"2020-01-10T04:06:51Z","timestamp":1578629211000},"page":"116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Galectin Domain Containing Protein from Haemonchus contortus Modulates the Immune Functions of Goat PBMCs and Regulates CD4+ T-Helper Cells In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6637-0886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Ali-ul-Husnain","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ali","family":"Memon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tahseen","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70050, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6197-8200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sana Zahra","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalibixiati","family":"Aimulajiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6006-1954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javaid Ali","family":"Gadahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70050, Sindh, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-6827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangrui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruofeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021192","article-title":"Galectins: A family of animal lectins that decipher glycocodes","volume":"119","author":"Kasai","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. 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