{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:38:54Z","timestamp":1791999534992,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]],"date-time":"2020-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1580947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005643","name":"University of Lodz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["506\/1136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["506\/1136"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005643","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bee venom is a very complex mixture produced and secreted by the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Melittin is a major component of bee venom that accounts for about 52% of its dry mass. A vast number of studies have been dedicated to the effects of melittin\u2019s regulation of apoptosis and to the factors that induce apoptosis in various types of cancer such as breast, ovarian, prostate, lung. The latest evidence indicates its potential as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of leukaemia. The aim of our present study is to evaluate melittin\u2019s ability to induce apoptosis in leukaemia cell lines of different origin acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (CCRF-CEM) and chronic myelogenous leukaemia (K-562). We demonstrated that melittin strongly reduced cell viability in both leukaemia cell lines but not in physiological peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs). Subsequent estimated parameters (mitochondrial membrane potential, Annexin V binding and Caspases 3\/7 activity) clearly demonstrated that melittin induced apoptosis in leukaemia cells. This is a very important step for research into the development of new potential anti-leukaemia as well as anticancer therapies. Further analyses on the molecular level have been also planned (analysis of proapoptotic genes expression and DNA damages) for our next research project, which will also focus on melittin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,7]],"date-time":"2020-02-07T03:13:27Z","timestamp":1581045207000},"page":"247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Melittin\u2014A Natural Peptide from Bee Venom Which Induces Apoptosis in Human Leukaemia Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Ceremuga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Military Institute of Armament Technology, Prymasa Stefana Wyszy\u0144skiego 7, 05-220 Zielonka, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maksymilian","family":"Stela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CBRN Reconnaissance and Decontamination Department, Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, Antoniego Chrusciela \u201cMontera\u201d 105, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edyta","family":"Janik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslaw","family":"Gorniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ewelina","family":"Synowiec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8385-7744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Sliwinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Przemyslaw","family":"Sitarek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1197-1713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Saluk-Bijak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michal","family":"Bijak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biohazard Prevention Centre, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141\/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2018.04.012","article-title":"Bee venom therapy: Potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications","volume":"148","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.04.004","article-title":"Therapeutic application of anti-arthritis, pain-releasing, and anti-cancer effects of bee venom and its constituent compounds","volume":"115","author":"Son","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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