{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T19:31:22Z","timestamp":1778182282891,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP\/00041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP\/00041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI19\/00144"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI19\/00144"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Robert Koch Institute","award":["1369-341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1369-341"]}]},{"name":"Interreg V-A Espa\u00f1a-Francia-Andorra","award":["POCTEFA 2014-2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCTEFA 2014-2020"]}]},{"name":"NHMRC Practitioner Fellowship","award":["APP1105784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1105784"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human prion diseases are classified into sporadic, genetic, and acquired forms. Within this last group, iatrogenic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease (iCJD) is caused by human-to-human transmission through surgical and medical procedures. After reaching an incidence peak in the 1990s, it is believed that the iCJD historical period is probably coming to an end, thanks to lessons learnt from past infection sources that promoted new prion prevention and decontamination protocols. At this point, we sought to characterise the biomarker profile of iCJD and compare it to that of sporadic CJD (sCJD) for determining the value of available diagnostic tools in promptly recognising iCJD cases. To that end, we collected 23 iCJD samples from seven national CJD surveillance centres and analysed the electroencephalogram and neuroimaging data together with a panel of seven CSF biomarkers: 14-3-3, total tau, phosphorylated\/total tau ratio, alpha-synuclein, neurofilament light, YKL-40, and real-time quaking induced conversion of prion protein. Using the cut-off values established for sCJD, we found the sensitivities of these biomarkers for iCJD to be similar to those described for sCJD. Given the limited relevant information on this issue to date, the present study validates the use of current sCJD biomarkers for the diagnosis of future iCJD cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10020290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T10:49:16Z","timestamp":1582282156000},"page":"290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Diagnostic Accuracy of Prion Disease Biomarkers in Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9756-7497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franc","family":"Llorens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for CJD Surveillance, University Medical Centre G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Villar-Piqu\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for CJD Surveillance, University Medical Centre G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5502-681X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for CJD Surveillance, University Medical Centre G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Calero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC)-CROSADIS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8282-9151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christiane","family":"Stehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Sarros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Moda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9888-8754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isidre","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08908 Llobregat, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, L\u2019Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Llobregat, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7094-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Poleggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7269-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Pocchiari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Catania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Unit of Neurology 5 and Neuropathology, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Klotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1097, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl","family":"O\u2019Regan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Brett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josephine","family":"Heffernan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ladogana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0, 00161 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian National Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Registry, Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3010, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medicine (RMH), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5366-3324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Calero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC)-CROSADIS, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabor G.","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1097, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6722-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Zerr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Reference Center for CJD Surveillance, University Medical Centre G\u00f6ttingen, 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075 G\u00f6ttingen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/66.1.121","article-title":"Neuropathology of prion diseases","volume":"66","author":"Budka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br. 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