{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T19:28:34Z","timestamp":1773430114410,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, the phytochemical composition and the possible prophylactic effects of an aqueous ethanol extract of Haematoxylon campechianum flowers (HCF) on peripheral neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model are investigated. Rats with induced CCI were subjected to neuropathic pain behaviour tests and evaluated by chemical, thermal, and mechanical sensation tests and functional recovery of the brain stem and sciatic nerve at 7- and 14-day intervals. The effect of the extract on acute pain and inflammation is also investigated. The extract exerted both peripheral and central analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in addition to antipyretic effects that are clear from targeting COX, LOX and PGE. It was found that CCI produced significant thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia and deleterious structural changes in both sciatic nerve and brain stem. Treatments with HCF extract significantly improved cold and thermal withdrawal latency, mechanical sensibility and ameliorated deleterious changes of sciatic nerve and brain stem at different dose levels. The extract also ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in brain stem and sciatic nerve. It suppressed the apoptotic marker, p53, and restored myelin sheath integrity. The effects of HCF extract were more potent than pregabalin. Fifteen secondary metabolites, mainly gallotannins and flavonoids, were characterized in the extract based on their retention times and MS\/MS data. The identified phenolic constituents from the extract could be promising candidates to treat neuropathic pain due to their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,3]],"date-time":"2020-03-03T13:06:23Z","timestamp":1583240783000},"page":"386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Haematoxylon campechianum Extract Ameliorates Neuropathic Pain via Inhibition of NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1\/NOX\/iNOS Signalling Pathway in a Rat Model of Chronic Constriction Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2719-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour","family":"Sobeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"},{"name":"AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660\u2013Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4421-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar","family":"Rezq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila 54200, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6437-5528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Islam","family":"Mostafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira","family":"Alsemeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6124-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assem","family":"El-Shazly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-9037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aziz","family":"Yasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660\u2013Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7875-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Wink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201300183","article-title":"Chemical constituents from the heartwood of haematoxylon campechianum as protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors","volume":"11","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Biodivers."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Escobar-Ramos, A., Lobato-Garc\u00eda, C., Zamilpa, A., G\u00f3mez-Rivera, A., Tortoriello, J., and Gonz\u00e1lez-Cortazar, M. (2017). Homoisoflavonoids and chalcones isolated from haematoxylum campechianum l., with spasmolytic activity. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22091405"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(98)00667-0","article-title":"Phenolics and flavonoids from haematoxyloncampechianum","volume":"51","author":"Kandil","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"203","article-title":"Ethyl gallate, a mycobacteria-specific antibiotic isolated from haematoxylon-campechianum. 2. Microbiological studies","volume":"3","author":"Johnstone","year":"1953","journal-title":"Antibiot. Chemother."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9422(95)00924-8","article-title":"Gallotannins and flavonoids from haematoxylon campechianum","volume":"42","author":"Kandil","year":"1996","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-1978(94)90063-9","article-title":"Flavonoids and other phenolics of haematoxylon campechianum","volume":"22","author":"Michael","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biochem. Syst. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.1021\/jm701501x","article-title":"Naturally occurring homoisoflavonoids function as potent protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors by c-src-based high-throughput screening","volume":"51","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1097516","article-title":"Antiinflammatory principles of caesalpinia sappan wood and of haematoxylon campechianum wood1","volume":"31","author":"Hikino","year":"1977","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/10520290500138372","article-title":"The long history of hematoxylin","volume":"80","author":"Titford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.01.031","article-title":"High resolution uplc-ms\/ms profiling of polyphenolics in the methanol extract of syzygium samarangense leaves and its hepatoprotective activity in rats with ccl4-induced hepatic damage","volume":"113","author":"Sobeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00566","article-title":"Syzygium aqueum: A polyphenol- rich leaf extract exhibits antioxidant, hepatoprotective, pain-killing and anti-inflammatory activities in animal models","volume":"9","author":"Sobeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(88)90209-6","article-title":"A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man","volume":"33","author":"Bennett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(02)00039-8","article-title":"Pharmacological characterisation of the spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain","volume":"98","author":"Erichsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.10.004","article-title":"Antinociceptive and anti-allodynic effects of oral pl37, a complete inhibitor of enkephalin-catabolizing enzymes, in a rat model of peripheral neuropathic pain induced by vincristine","volume":"600","author":"Thibault","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.11.017","article-title":"Vagal damage enhances polyneuropathy pain: Additive effect of two algogenic mechanisms","volume":"138","author":"Dashkovsky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2009.02.001","article-title":"Ameliorative potential of rosiglitazone in tibial and sural nerve transection-induced painful neuropathy in rats","volume":"59","author":"Jain","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.01.029","article-title":"Ethosuximide reverses paclitaxel-and vincristine-induced painful peripheral neuropathy","volume":"109","author":"Flatters","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Bancroft, J.D., and Gamble, M. (2008). Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, Churchill Livingstone."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"272","article-title":"Evaluation of sciatic nerve damage following intraneural injection of bupivacaine, levobupivacaine and lidocaine in rats","volume":"66","author":"Sen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Braz. J. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000401","article-title":"American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians Subcommittee on Standardization of, I. Suggested guidelines for immunohistochemical techniques in veterinary diagnostic laboratories","volume":"20","author":"Kiupel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)00175-G","article-title":"A direct comparison of GFAP immunocytochemistry and GFAP concentration in various regions of ethanol-fixed rat and mouse brain","volume":"58","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10061","article-title":"Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and glutamine synthetase by m\u00fcller cells after optic nerve damage and intravitreal application of brain derived neurotrophic factor","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2018.11.030","article-title":"1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2h)-yl benzamide derivatives as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents with an improved gastric profile: Design, synthesis, cox-1\/2 inhibitory activity and molecular docking study","volume":"84","author":"Sakr","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chem."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1647-17.2017","article-title":"Brainstem pain-control circuitry connectivity in chronic neuropathic pain","volume":"38","author":"Mills","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6322","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.6322","article-title":"Chemical composition, antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of methanol extracts from leaves of terminalia bellirica and terminalia sericea (combretaceae)","volume":"7","author":"Sobeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2009.03.004","article-title":"Identification and structure\u2013activity relationship of gallotannins separated from galla chinensis","volume":"42","author":"Tian","year":"2009","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2012.12.003","article-title":"Hydrolyzable tannins from balanophora polyandra","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.05.019","article-title":"Strong antioxidant phenolics from acacia nilotica: Profiling by esi-ms and qualitative\u2013quantitative determination by lc\u2013esi-ms","volume":"56","author":"Maldini","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.1611","article-title":"Characterization of gallotannins and benzophenone derivatives from mango (mangifera indica l. Cv.\u2018tommy atkins\u2019) peels, pulp and kernels by high-performance liquid chromatography\/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry","volume":"18","author":"Berardini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1021\/jf063533l","article-title":"Profiling and characterization by lc-ms n of the galloylquinic acids of green tea, tara tannin, and tannic acid","volume":"55","author":"Clifford","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vukovi\u0107, N.L., Vuki\u0107, M.D., \u0110eli\u0107, G.T., Kacaniova, M.M., and Cvijovi\u0107, M. (2018). The investigation of bioactive secondary metabolites of the methanol extract of eryngium amethystinum. Kragujev. J. Sci., 113\u2013129.","DOI":"10.5937\/KgJSci1840113V"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2016.08.001","article-title":"Characterization and quantification of flavonoid glycosides in the prunus genus by uplc-dad-qtof\/ms","volume":"25","author":"Jang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Saudi J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sobeh, M., Mahmoud, M.F., Rezq, S., Alsemeh, A.E., Sabry, O.M., Mostafa, I., Abdelfattah, M.A., El-Allem, K.A., El-Shazly, A.M., and Yasri, A. (2019). Salix tetrasperma roxb. Extract alleviates neuropathic pain in rats via modulation of the nf-\u03bab\/tnf-\u03b1\/nox\/inos pathway. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100482"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1159\/000329999","article-title":"Role of p53 in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"9","author":"Chang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"220","article-title":"A synthetic inhibitor of p53 protects neurons against death induced by ischemic and excitotoxic insults, and amyloid \u03b2-peptide","volume":"77","author":"Culmsee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.1535","article-title":"Evaluation of zinc (ii) chelators for inhibiting p53-mediated apoptosis","volume":"4","author":"Morita","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tungmunnithum, D., Thongboonyou, A., Pholboon, A., and Yangsabai, A. (2018). Flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from medicinal plants for pharmaceutical and medical aspects: An overview. Medicines, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines5030093"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"e3393","article-title":"Chronic Constriction of the Sciatic Nerve and Pain Hypersensitivity Testing in Rats","volume":"61","author":"Austin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2020.33.1.13","article-title":"Antinociceptive and neuroprotective effects of bromelain in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in Wistar rats","volume":"33","author":"Bakare","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.4103\/0257-7941.147425","article-title":"Ethanolic extract of Aloe vera ameliorates sciatic nerve ligation induced neuropathic pain","volume":"33","author":"Kanyadhara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anc. Sci. Life"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2014.27.3.239","article-title":"Intrathecal administration of mesenchymal stem cells reduces the reactive oxygen species and pain behavior in neuropathic rats","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leyva-L\u00f3pez, N., Gutierrez-Grijalva, E.P., Ambriz-Perez, D.L., and Heredia, J.B. (2016). Flavonoids as cytokine modulators: A possible therapy for inflammation-related diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060921"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahfoufi, N., Alsadi, N., Jambi, M., and Matar, C. (2018). The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role of polyphenols. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111618"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00143-2","article-title":"Free radicals contribute to the reduction in peripheral vascular responses and the maintenance of thermal hyperalgesia in rats with chronic constriction injury","volume":"79","author":"Khalil","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-015-0161-x","article-title":"H2 Treatment Attenuated Pain Behavior and Cytokine Release Through the HO-1\/CO Pathway in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3344\/kjp.2011.24.4.185","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and apoptosis following spinal nerve ligation injury in rats","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J. Pain"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-014-9995-x","article-title":"Flavonoids inhibit cox-1 and cox-2 enzymes and cytokine\/chemokine production in human whole blood","volume":"38","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.6b01011","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of natural geranylated flavonoids: Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitory properties and proteomic analysis","volume":"80","author":"Hanakova","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szymanowska, U., and Baraniak, B. (2019). Antioxidant and potentially anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanin fractions from pomace obtained from enzymatically treated raspberries. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080299"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.12.018","article-title":"(\u2212)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates peripheral nerve degeneration in rat sciatic nerve crush injury","volume":"62","author":"Renno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nishihara, T., Tanaka, J., Sekiya, K., Nishikawa, Y., Abe, N., Hamada, T., and Yano, H. (2020). Chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve in rats causes different activation modes of microglia between the anterior and posterior horns of the spinal cord. Neurochem. Int., 104672.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2020.104672"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2015.07.001","article-title":"Analgetic effect of docosahexaenoic acid is mediated by modulating the microglia activity in the dorsal root ganglia in a rat model of neuropathic pain","volume":"117","author":"Manzhulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Histochem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.4.3.433","article-title":"Glial fibrillary acidic protein and related glial proteins as biomarkers of neurotoxicity","volume":"4","author":"Sriram","year":"2005","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Saf."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.3390\/biom16030347","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]],"date-time":"2020-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583107200000}}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/10\/3\/386\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T11:00:28Z","timestamp":1772103628000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/10\/3\/386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["biom10030386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom10030386","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,2]]}}}