{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:34:39Z","timestamp":1787027679744,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006013","name":"United Arab Emirates University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31S243 and SURE PLUS 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31S243 and SURE PLUS 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006013","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc metallopeptidase that has an important role in regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). It is also an important drug target for the management of cardiovascular diseases. Hemorphins are endogenous peptides that are produced by proteolytic cleavage of beta hemoglobin. A number of studies have reported various therapeutic activities of hemorphins. Previous reports have shown antihypertensive action of hemorphins via the inhibition of ACE. The sequence of hemorphins is highly conserved among mammals, except in camels, which harbors a unique Q&gt;R variation in the peptide. Here, we studied the ACE inhibitory activity of camel hemorphins (LVVYPWTRRF and YPWTRRF) and non-camel hemorphins (LVVYPWTQRF and YPWTQRF). Computational methods were used to determine the most likely binding pose and binding affinity of both camel and non-camel hemorphins within the active site of ACE. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the peptides interacted with critical residues in the active site of ACE. Notably, camel hemorphins showed higher binding affinity and sustained interactions with all three subsites of the ACE active site. An in vitro ACE inhibition assay showed that the IC50 of camel hemorphins were significantly lower than the IC50 of non-camel hemorphins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10030486","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T13:04:04Z","timestamp":1585055044000},"page":"486","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Camel Hemorphins Exhibit a More Potent Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity than Other Mammalian Hemorphins: An In Silico and In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amanat","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551 Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seham Abdullah Rashed","family":"Alzeyoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551 Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamma Abdulla","family":"Almutawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551 Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alya Nasir","family":"Alnajjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551 Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusra","family":"Al Dhaheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551 Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3830-7409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ranjit","family":"Vijayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551 Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60655-8","article-title":"International Society of, H. 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