{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:25:42Z","timestamp":1787163942167,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]],"date-time":"2020-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL128628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL128628"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005566","name":"Ethicon Endo-Surgery","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EES IIS 19900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EES IIS 19900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005566","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bariatric surgery improves glycemic control better than medical therapy; however, the effect of bariatric surgery on HDL function is not well characterized. Serum samples were available at baseline, 1-, and 5-years post procedures, for 90 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes who were randomized to intensive medical therapy (n = 20), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB, n = 37), or sleeve gastrectomy (SG, n = 33) as part of the STAMPEDE clinical trial. We examined serum HDL function by two independent assays, apolipoprotein A-1 exchange rate (AER) and cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC). Compared with baseline, AER was significantly higher at 5 years for participants in all treatment groups, but only increased significantly at 1 year in the RYGB and SG groups. CEC was divided into ABCA1-dependent and independent fractions, and the later was correlated with AER. ABCA1-independent CEC increased significantly only at 5 years in both surgical groups, but did not significantly change in the medical therapy group. There was no significant change in ABCA1-dependent CEC in any group. The increase in AER, but not ABCA1-independent CEC, was correlated with the reduction in body mass index and glycated hemoglobin levels among all subjects at 5 years, indicating that AER as a measure of HDL function would be a better reflection of therapy versus CEC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10040551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T03:58:39Z","timestamp":1586231919000},"page":"551","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Bariatric Surgery Improves HDL Function Examined by ApoA1 Exchange Rate and Cholesterol Efflux Capacity in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shuhui Wang","family":"Lorkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Brubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-3220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Rotroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta R.","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1278-6245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak L.","family":"Bhatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Heart and Vascular Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven E.","family":"Nissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip R.","family":"Schauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Aminian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bariatric and Metabolic Institute, Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan D.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1200225","article-title":"Bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy in obese patients with diabetes","volume":"366","author":"Schauer","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. 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