{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T23:56:37Z","timestamp":1776815797717,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]],"date-time":"2020-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306209\/2016-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306209\/2016-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"FAPESP","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2009\/52237-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2009\/52237-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld (Fabaceae) known in Brazil as \u201cjacaranda de espinho\u201d or \u201cespinheira santa nativa\u201d is a medicinal plant commonly used in folk medicine to treat ulcers, cough and diarrhea. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extracts from M. hirtum twig (HEMh) using in vivo experimental models of nociception through the involvement of transient receptor potential channels, acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC), nitrergic, opioidergic, glutamatergic, and supraspinal pathways. Our results revealed an antinociceptive effect of HEMh mediated by the opioidergic, l-arginine-nitric oxide and glutamate systems, as well as by interactions with TRPA1\/ASIC channels. The anti-inflammatory effect of HEMh evaluated with a xylene-induced ear edema and by the involvement of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) showed involvement of the COX pathway, based on observed decreases in PGE2 levels. A phytochemical investigation of the HEMh led to the isolation of \u03b1-amyrin, \u03b2-amyrin, allantoin, apigenin-7-methoxy-6-C-\u03b2-d-glucopyranoside, and apigenin-6-C-\u03b2-d-glucopyranosyl-8-C-\u03b2-d-xylopyranoside. In conclusion, the acute oral administration of HEMh inhibits the nociceptive behavioral response in animals through the nitrergic, opioid, glutamatergic pathways, and by inhibition of the TRPA1 and ASIC channels, without causing locomotor dysfunction. In addition, its anti-inflammatory effect is associated with the COX pathway and decreased PGE2 levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10040590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1586774512000},"page":"590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Machaerium hirtum (Vell.) Stellfeld Alleviates Acute Pain and Inflammation: Potential Mechanisms of Action"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Juliana Agostinho","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-970, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9312-2431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vin\u00edcius Peixoto","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-970, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4236-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo Marucci Pereira","family":"Tangerina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Campus, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Vicente 11330-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7911-3862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia Regina Machado da","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-970, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catarine Massucato","family":"Nishijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-862, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vania Vasti Alfieri","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-970, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2961-2794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Fernando Rolim","family":"de Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botany Department, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Biosciences Institute, Botucatu 18618-970, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wagner","family":"Vilegas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coastal Campus, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), S\u00e3o Vicente 11330-900, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adair Roberto Soares","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurobiology of Pain and Inflammation, Department of Physiological Sciences, Central of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, Florianopolis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Sannomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, S\u00e3o Paulo University (USP), S\u00e3o Paulo 03828-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8645-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9lia Akiko","family":"Hiruma-Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu 18618-970, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2012.738204","article-title":"Chemical constituents of Machaerium hirtum Vell. 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