{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T08:20:52Z","timestamp":1790065252914,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1586736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition, and evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and the analgesic properties of methanol extracts from the leaves of Thymus algeriensis and Thymus fontanesii (Lamiaceae). Thirty-five secondary metabolites were characterized in both extracts using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS\/MS. Phenolic acids, mainly rosmarinic acid and its derivatives, dominated the T. algeriensis extract, while the phenolic diterpene carnosol and the methylated flavonoid salvigenin, prevailed in T. fontanesii extract. Molecular docking study was carried out to estimate the anti-inflammatory potential and the binding affinities of some individual secondary metabolites from both extracts to the main enzymes involved in the inflammation pathway. In vitro enzyme inhibitory assays and in vivo assays were used to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts. Results revealed that both studied Thymus species exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects. They showed to be a more potent antioxidant than ascorbic acid and more selective against cyclooxygenase (COX-2) than diclofenac and indomethacin. Relatively, the T. fontanesii extract was more potent as COX-2 inhibitor than T. algeriensis. In conclusion, Thymus algeriensis and Thymus fontanesii may be interesting candidates for the treatment of inflammation and oxidative stress-related disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10040599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]],"date-time":"2020-04-13T10:41:52Z","timestamp":1586774512000},"page":"599","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Thymus algeriensis and Thymus fontanesii: Chemical Composition, In Vivo Antiinflammatory, Pain Killing and Antipyretic Activities: A Comprehensive Comparison"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2719-8534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mansour","family":"Sobeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660\u2013Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4421-0686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samar","family":"Rezq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9722-1173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Cheurfa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Biology, Faculty of Nature, Life and Earth Sciences, University of Djillali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana Road Teniet Elhad, Khemis Miliana 44225, Algeria"},{"name":"Laboratory of Natural Bioresources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hassiba Ben Bouali Chlef, Box 151, Chlef 02000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed A.O.","family":"Abdelfattah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha M.H.","family":"Rashied","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6124-7531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assem M.","family":"El-Shazly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7513-9037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Yasri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AgroBioSciences Research Division, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660\u2013Hay MoulayRachid, Ben-Guerir 43150, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7875-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Wink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-2066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona F.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01320","article-title":"Points of control in inflammation","volume":"420","author":"Nathan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.12.003","article-title":"Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of extract and two isolated flavonoids of Carthamus tinctorius L.","volume":"151","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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