{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:35:57Z","timestamp":1787027757886,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":113,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]],"date-time":"2020-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In mammals, adipose tissue is an active secretory tissue that responds to mild hypothermia and as such is a genuine model to study molecular and cellular adaptive responses to cold-stress. A recent study identified a mammal-specific protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that is strongly induced in the inguinal subcutaneous white adipocyte upon exposure to cold, calsyntenin 3\u03b2 (CLSTN3\u03b2). CLSTN3\u03b2 regulates sympathetic innervation of thermogenic adipocytes and contributes to adaptive non-shivering thermogenesis. The calcium- and zinc-binding S100B is a downstream effector in the CLSTN3\u03b2 pathways. We review, here, the literature on the transcriptional regulation of the S100b gene in adipocyte cells. We also rationalize the interactions of the S100B protein with its recognized or hypothesized intracellular (p53, ATAD3A, CYP2E1, AHNAK) and extracellular (Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE), RPTP\u03c3) target proteins in the context of adipocyte differentiation and adaptive thermogenesis. We highlight a chaperon-associated function for the intracellular S100B and point to functional synergies between the different intracellular S100B target proteins. A model of non-classical S100B secretion involving AHNAK\/S100A10\/annexin2-dependent exocytosis by the mean of exosomes is also proposed. Implications for related areas of research are noted and suggestions for future research are offered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10060843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T09:19:27Z","timestamp":1591089567000},"page":"843","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The S100B Protein and Partners in Adipocyte Response to Cold Stress and Adaptive Thermogenesis: Facts, Hypotheses, and Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8427-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacques","family":"Baudier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9, CNRS, Institut de Biologie du D\u00e9veloppement de Marseille, 13009 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benoit J","family":"Gentil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Kinesiology and Physical Education and Departament of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Cold shock response in mammalian cells","volume":"1","author":"Fujita","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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