{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T10:24:40Z","timestamp":1773051880035,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL129767"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL129767"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ingestion of alcohol is associated with numerous changes in human energy metabolism, especially that of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. Regular moderate alcohol consumption is associated with reduced atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), an effect that has been attributed to the concurrent elevations of plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations. More recent evidence has accrued against the hypothesis that raising plasma HDL concentrations prevents ASCVD so that other metabolic processes associated with alcohol consumption have been considered. This review explored the roles of other metabolites induced by alcohol consumption\u2014triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, non-esterified free fatty acids, and acetate, the terminal alcohol metabolite in athero-protection: Current evidence suggests that acetate has a key role in athero-protection but additional studies are needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10070987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,2]],"date-time":"2020-07-02T05:00:08Z","timestamp":1593666008000},"page":"987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Alcohol\u2013High-Density Lipoprotein Athero-Protective Axis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Corina","family":"Rosales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baiba K.","family":"Gillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Antonio M.","family":"Gotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry J.","family":"Pownall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.34.4.679","article-title":"Ischemic Heart Disease, Atherosclerosis, and Longevity","volume":"34","author":"Gofman","year":"1966","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2010.10.024","article-title":"Prospective study of coronary heart disease vs. HDL2, HDL3, and other lipoproteins in Gofman\u2019s Livermore Cohort","volume":"214","author":"Williams","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.8.6.737","article-title":"High density lipoprotein cholesterol and mortality. 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