{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:28:17Z","timestamp":1791476897283,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1594684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Immune responses are essential for the clearance of pathogens and the repair of injured tissues; however, if these responses are not properly controlled, autoimmune diseases can occur. Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a family of disorders characterized by the body\u2019s immune response being directed against its own tissues, with consequent chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Despite enormous efforts to identify new drug targets and develop new therapies to prevent and ameliorate AD symptoms, no definitive solutions are available today. Additionally, while substantial progress has been made in drug development for some ADs, most treatments only ameliorate symptoms and, in general, ADs are still incurable. Hundreds of genetic loci have been identified and associated with ADs by genome-wide association studies. However, the whole list of molecular factors that contribute to AD pathogenesis is still unknown. Noncoding (nc)RNAs, such as microRNAs, circular (circ)RNAs, and long noncoding (lnc)RNAs, regulate gene expression at different levels in various diseases, including ADs, and serve as potential drug targets as well as biomarkers for disease progression and response to therapy. In this review, we will focus on the potential roles and genetic regulation of ncRNA in four autoimmune diseases\u2014systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10071044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]],"date-time":"2020-07-14T11:03:23Z","timestamp":1594724603000},"page":"1044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":120,"title":["Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs in Autoimmune Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Valeria","family":"Lodde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43\/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giampaolo","family":"Murgia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43\/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8946-2679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena Rita","family":"Simula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43\/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maristella","family":"Steri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SS554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4385-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Floris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43\/b, 07100 Sassari, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, SS554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato-Cagliari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Laura","family":"Idda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0901-802","article-title":"The genetics of complex autoimmune diseases: Non-MHC susceptibility genes","volume":"2","author":"Wandstrat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. 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