{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T11:15:18Z","timestamp":1778843718088,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Biomarkers Across Neurodegenerative Diseases Initiative","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"name":"Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the accumulation of disease-related misfolded proteins. It is now widely understood that the characteristic self-amplifying (i.e., seeding) capacity once only attributed to the prions of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases is a feature of other misfolded proteins of neurodegenerative diseases, including tau, A\u03b2, and \u03b1Synuclein (\u03b1Syn). Ultrasensitive diagnostic assays, known as real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) assays, exploit these seeding capabilities in order to exponentially amplify protein seeds from various biospecimens. To date, RT-QuIC assays have been developed for the detection of protein seeds related to known prion diseases of mammals, the \u03b1Syn aggregates of Parkinson\u2019s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy, and the tau aggregates of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and other tauopathies including progressive supranuclear palsy. Application of these assays to premortem human biospecimens shows promise for diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease and is an area of active investigation. RT-QuIC assays are also powerful experimental tools that can be used to dissect seeding networks within and between tissues and to evaluate how protein seed distribution and quantity correlate to disease-related outcomes in a host. As well, RT-QuIC application may help characterize molecular pathways influencing protein seed accumulation, transmission, and clearance. In this review we discuss the application of RT-QuIC assays as diagnostic, experimental, and structural tools for detection and discrimination of PrP prions, tau, and \u03b1Syn protein seeds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T09:30:07Z","timestamp":1598347807000},"page":"1233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Defining the Protein Seeds of Neurodegeneration using Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion Assays"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Matteo","family":"Manca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Allison","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-43","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein and tau: Teammates in neurodegeneration?","volume":"9","author":"Moussaud","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. 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