{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T18:24:13Z","timestamp":1788459853375,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UNED-Fundaci\u00f3n LaCaixa","award":["LCF\/PR\/PR15\/511000007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/PR15\/511000007"]}]},{"name":"Economy Development Department, Navarre Government","award":["PC036-37 Biovalorizaci\u00f3n"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PC036-37 Biovalorizaci\u00f3n"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) - European Development Regional Fund","award":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016403"]}]},{"name":"Banco de Santander - Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra","award":["Programa de Intensificaci\u00f3n de la Investigaci\u00f3n 2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Programa de Intensificaci\u00f3n de la Investigaci\u00f3n 2018"]}]},{"name":"Erasmus + Programme of the European Union","award":["OUT_2018_1700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OUT_2018_1700"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lignocellulosic materials are promising alternatives to non-renewable fossil sources when producing aromatic compounds. Lignins from Populus salicaceae. Pinus radiata and Pinus pinaster from industrial wastes and biorefinery effluents were isolated and characterized. Lignin was depolymerized using homogenous (NaOH) and heterogeneous (Ni-, Cu- or Ni-Cu-hydrotalcites) base catalysis and catalytic hydrogenolysis using Ru\/C. When homogeneous base catalyzed depolymerization (BCD) and Ru\/C hydrogenolysis were combined on poplar lignin, the aromatics amount was ca. 11 wt.%. Monomer distributions changed depending on the feedstock and the reaction conditions. Aqueous NaOH produced cleavage of the alkyl side chain that was preserved when using modified hydrotalcite catalysts or Ru\/C-catalyzed hydrogenolysis in ethanol. Depolymerization using hydrotalcite catalysts in ethanol produced monomers bearing carbonyl groups on the alkyl side chain. The analysis of the reaction mixtures was done by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and diffusion ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DOSY NMR). 31P NMR and heteronuclear single quantum coherence spectroscopy (HSQC) were also used in this study. The content in poly-(hydroxy)-aromatic ethers in the reaction mixtures decreased upon thermal treatments in ethanol. It was concluded that thermo-solvolysis is key in lignin depolymerization, and that the synergistic effect of Ni and Cu provided monomers with oxidized alkyl side chains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10091338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T10:22:23Z","timestamp":1600424543000},"page":"1338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Production of Aromatic Compounds by Catalytic Depolymerization of Technical and Downstream Biorefinery Lignins"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8810-0062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfonso","family":"Cornejo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2) and Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, E31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-2350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Bimbela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2) and Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, E31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0426-7506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF, FCTUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II\u2014Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Hablich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2) and Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, E31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00cd\u00f1igo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Yoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2) and Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, E31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maitane","family":"Maisterra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2) and Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, E31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7520-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Portugal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIEPQPF, FCTUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua S\u00edlvio Lima, P\u00f3lo II\u2014Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3954-4609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Gand\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2) and Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, E31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (InaMat2) and Department of Sciences, Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra, E31006 Pamplona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5510","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00134A","article-title":"Downstream processing of lignin derived feedstock into end products","volume":"49","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem. 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