{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:04:17Z","timestamp":1781136257273,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Worldwide, the number of people with diabetes has quadrupled since 1980 reaching 422 million in 2014 (World Health Organization). This distressing rise in diabetes also affects pregnant women and thus, in regard to early programming of adult diseases, creates a vicious cycle of metabolic dysfunction passed from one generation to another. Metabolic diseases are complex and caused by the interplay between genetic and environmental factors. High-glucose exposure during in utero development, as observed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), is an established risk factor for metabolic diseases. Despite intense efforts to better understand this phenomenon of early memory little is known about the molecular mechanisms associating early exposure to long-term diseases risk. However, evidence promotes glucose associated oxidative stress as one of the molecular mechanisms able to influence susceptibility to metabolic diseases. Thus, we decided here to further explore the relationship between early glucose exposure and cellular stress in the context of early development, and focus on the concept of glycemic memory, its consequences, and sexual dimorphic and epigenetic aspects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10101359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T02:56:43Z","timestamp":1600916203000},"page":"1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Prenatal Hyperglycemia Exposure and Cellular Stress, a Sugar-Coated View of Early Programming of Metabolic Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3576-7925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Tozour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5801-4526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francine","family":"Hughes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology and Women\u2019s Health, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center\/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Carrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;<email>arnaud.carrier@pasteur-lille.fr<\/email>"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3254-3662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Didier","family":"Vieau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BiologyDepartment, LilNCog Lille Neurosciences and Cognition U 1172, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;<email>didier.vieau@univ-lille.fr<\/email>"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9921-8653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabien","family":"Delahaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1283-UMR 8199 EGID, Universit\u00e9 de Lille, Inserm, CNRS, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;<email>arnaud.carrier@pasteur-lille.fr<\/email>"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91340-1","article-title":"Infant Mortality, Childhood Nutrition, and Ischaemic Heart Disease in England And Wales","volume":"327","author":"Barker","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-001-0014-x","article-title":"Birth weight as a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The U-shaped curve","volume":"1","author":"Pettitt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. 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