{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T01:35:13Z","timestamp":1791077713873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]],"date-time":"2020-12-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC1403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC1403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FOR2036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR2036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>BOK is an evolutionarily conserved BCL-2 family member that resembles the apoptotic effectors BAK and BAX in sequence and structure. Based on these similarities, BOK has traditionally been classified as a BAX-like pro-apoptotic protein. However, the mechanism of action and cellular functions of BOK remains controversial. While some studies propose that BOK could replace BAK and BAX to elicit apoptosis, others attribute to this protein an indirect way of apoptosis regulation. Adding to the debate, BOK has been associated with a plethora of non-apoptotic functions that makes this protein unpredictable when dictating cell fate. Here, we compile the current knowledge and open questions about this paradoxical protein with a special focus on its structural features as the key aspect to understand BOK biological functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10121638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T21:37:42Z","timestamp":1607377062000},"page":"1638","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Mysteries around the BCL-2 Family Member BOK"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Raed","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Stra\u00dfe 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0996-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hector","family":"Flores-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Stra\u00dfe 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3894-5945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana J.","family":"Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetics and Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Stra\u00dfe 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.179","article-title":"MOMP, cell suicide as a BCL-2 family business","volume":"25","author":"Kalkavan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2017.186","article-title":"BCL-2 family proteins: Changing partners in the dance towards death","volume":"25","author":"Kale","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores-Romero, H., and Garc\u00eda-S\u00e1ez, A.J. 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