{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:29:14Z","timestamp":1760239754994,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":156,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-15-2019-1671","20.6834.2017\/BCh"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-15-2019-1671","20.6834.2017\/BCh"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the relatively low incidence of plague, its etiological agent, Yersinia pestis, is an exceptional epidemic danger due to the high infectivity and mortality of this infectious disease. Reports on the isolation of drug-resistant Y. pestis strains indicate the advisability of using asymmetric responses, such as phage therapy and vaccine prophylaxis in the fight against this problem. The current relatively effective live plague vaccine is not approved for use in most countries because of its ability to cause heavy local and system reactions and even a generalized infectious process in people with a repressed immune status or metabolic disorders, as well as lethal infection in some species of nonhuman primates. Therefore, developing alternative vaccines is of high priority and importance. However, until now, work on the development of plague vaccines has mainly focused on screening for the potential immunogens. Several investigators have identified the protective potency of bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a promising basis for bacterial vaccine candidates. This review is aimed at presenting these candidates of plague vaccine and the results of their analysis in animal models.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10121694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,21]],"date-time":"2020-12-21T04:12:01Z","timestamp":1608523921000},"page":"1694","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Yersinia Outer Membrane Vesicles as Potential Vaccine Candidates in Protecting against Plague"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Andrey A.","family":"Byvalov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Komi Research Center, Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Vyatka State University, 610000 Kirov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ilya V.","family":"Konyshev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Komi Research Center, Laboratory of Microbial Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Vyatka State University, 610000 Kirov, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4037-5857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vladimir N.","family":"Uversky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer\u2019s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1996-8949","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetlana V.","family":"Dentovskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Plague Microbiology, Especially Dangerous Infections Department, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5499-7999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey P.","family":"Anisimov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Plague Microbiology, Especially Dangerous Infections Department, State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.14372","article-title":"Nutrient depletion may trigger the Yersinia pestis OmpR-EnvZ regulatory system to promote flea-borne plague transmission","volume":"112","author":"Fernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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