{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T13:54:03Z","timestamp":1768485243590,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002341","name":"Academy of FInland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#258606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#258606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002341","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013500","name":"the Diabetes Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013500","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Juho Vainio Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014438","name":"Business Finland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#3486\/31\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#3486\/31\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014438","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Turku University Foundation","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004022","name":"Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Huch-TYH","award":["2016252, 2017252, 2018229, Y10114SLO17, Y10114SLO18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016252, 2017252, 2018229, Y10114SLO17, Y10114SLO18"]}]},{"name":"State research funding for university-level health research of the Turku University Hospital Expert Responsibility Area","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: We investigated the impact of fish oil and\/or probiotics on serum and vaginal inflammatory and metabolic proteins and their relation to the onset of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: Overweight\/obese pregnant women received fish oil + placebo, probiotics + placebo, fish oil + probiotics or placebo + placebo from early pregnancy until six months postpartum (fish oil: 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid; probiotics: Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). Serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum\/vaginal (s\/v) phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-1 (phIGFBP-1), IGFBP-1 and matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) were analyzed. GDM was diagnosed according to 2 h 75 g OGTT. Results: The intervention had no impact on the change in proteins during pregnancy. Nevertheless, s-MMP-8 decreased and s-IGFBP-1 increased more in obese than in overweight women in the fish oil + probiotics group, while a decrease in s-MMP-8 was seen in obese women and an increase was seen in overweight women in the probiotics + placebo group. The late pregnancy s-phIGFBP-1 was higher in women who developed GDM in fish oil + probiotics-group compared to fish oil + placebo-group. The concentrations of s-phIGFBP-1 (635.9 \u00b1 315.3 ng\/mL vs. 753.2 \u00b1 335.1 ng\/mL, p = 0.005) and s-IGFBP-1 (3.78 \u00b1 0.72 ng\/mL vs. 3.96 \u00b1 0.69 ng\/mL, p = 0.042) were lower in early pregnancy in women who developed GDM than in women remaining healthy. Conclusions: The intervention per se had no impact on the proteins, but obesity and GDM may modify the effect. IGFBPs may affect the development of GDM.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T12:42:28Z","timestamp":1608640948000},"page":"5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Impacts of Fish Oil and\/or Probiotic Intervention on Low-Grade Inflammation, IGFBP-1 and MMP-8 in Pregnancy: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1350-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noora","family":"Houttu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0354-5546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kati","family":"Mokkala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5751-3064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ella","family":"Koivuniemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9272-2278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Outi","family":"Pellonper\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juuso","family":"Juhila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Actim Oy, 02180 Espoo, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Sorsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Disease, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Department of Oral Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, 141 04 Huddinge, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-8118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsi","family":"Laitinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plows, J.F., Stanley, J.L., Baker, P.N., Reynolds, C.M., and Vickers, M.H. 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