{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T05:43:08Z","timestamp":1789278188345,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) concentrations are decreased during inflammation, which may reduce high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality. Thus, rescuing ApoA-I concentrations during inflammation might help to prevent atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that butyric acid (C4) has anti-inflammatory effects and rescues ApoA-I production. However, whether intestinal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are able to influence hepatic processes is unknown. Therefore, we investigated C4 anti-inflammatory effects on ApoA-I transcription in the intestine-liver co-culture model. C4 dose-response experiments in the presence or absence of cytokines were performed in a co-culture system including Caco-2 cells, HepG2 cells, or both. Changes in ApoA-I transcription in Caco-2 cells and HepG2 cells were analyzed using qPCR. C4 increased ApoA-I expression in HepG2 cells that cultured alone. When both cells were cultured together, C4 decreased ApoA-I expression in Caco-2 cells and increased ApoA-I expression in HepG2 cells. However, adding C4 to apical Caco-2 cells resulted in a smaller effect in HepG2 cells compared with adding C4 directly to the hepatocytes. Moreover, C4 rescued ApoA-I expression in inflamed HepG2 cells. These findings suggests that intestinal SCFAs can affect hepatic processes. However, the smaller effect in the co-culture experiment indicates cross-talk between intestine and liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11010071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T08:58:34Z","timestamp":1610096314000},"page":"71","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Butyric Acid Added Apically to Intestinal Caco-2 Cells Elevates Hepatic ApoA-I Transcription and Rescues Lower ApoA-I Expression in Inflamed HepG2 Cells Co-Cultured in the Basolateral Compartment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-9936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jehad Z.","family":"Tayyeb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jeddah, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0286-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Herman E.","family":"Popeijus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald P.","family":"Mensink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jogchum","family":"Plat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S100","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.11.048","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids impact on intestinal adaptation, inflammation, carcinoma, and failure","volume":"2","author":"Kles","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2007.12.013","article-title":"Histone-deacetylase inhibition and butyrate formation: Fecal slurry incubations with apple pectin and apple juice extracts","volume":"4","author":"Waldecker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00277","article-title":"Protective Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids on Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Angiotensin II","volume":"11","author":"Toral","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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