{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:04:27Z","timestamp":1777536267704,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/02\/X\/NZ5\/02592"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/02\/X\/NZ5\/02592"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Several factors could lead to lipid disturbances observed in cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to assess sterol homeostasis in CF and define potential exogenous and endogenous determinants of lipid dysregulation. Methods: The study involved 55 CF patients and 45 healthy subjects (HS). Sterol concentrations (\u03bcg\/dL) were measured by gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry. CF was characterised by lung function, pancreatic status, liver disease and diabetes coexistence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonisation and BMI. CFTR genotypes were classified as severe or other. Results: Campesterol and \u03b2-sitosterol concentrations were lower (p = 0.0028 and p &lt; 0.0001, respectively) and lathosterol levels (reflecting endogenous cholesterol biosynthesis) were higher (p = 0.0016) in CF patients than in HS. Campesterol and \u03b2-sitosterol concentrations were lower in patients with a severe CFTR genotype, pancreatic insufficiency and lower pancreatic enzyme dose (lipase units\/gram of fat). In multiple regression analyses, \u03b2-sitosterol and campesterol concentrations were predicted by genotype and pancreatic insufficiency, whereas cholesterol and its fractions were predicted by phytosterol concentrations, age, dose of pancreatic enzymes, nutritional status and genotype. Conclusions: Independent determinants of lipid status suggest that malabsorption and pancreatic enzyme supplementation play a significant role in sterol abnormalities. The measurement of campesterol and \u03b2-sitosterol concentrations in CF patients may serve for the assessment of the effectiveness of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and\/or compliance, but further research is required.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T09:06:10Z","timestamp":1613725570000},"page":"313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Severe Genotype, Pancreatic Insufficiency and Low Dose of Pancreatic Enzymes Associate with Abnormal Serum Sterol Profile in Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"S\u0142awomira","family":"Drzyma\u0142a-Czy\u017c","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8676-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrycja","family":"Krzy\u017canowska-Jankowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Dziedzic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Lisowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szymon","family":"Kurek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4518-7070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Go\u017adzik-Spychalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Kononets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dagmara","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-354 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0081-6558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"M\u0105dry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-781 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5813-5707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Walkowiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.5603\/ARM.2016.0040","article-title":"Long Term Outcome of Cystic Fibrosis Patients with Multisystem Evaluation","volume":"84","author":"Hassanzad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. 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