{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:34:23Z","timestamp":1790472863322,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["R21AR073373"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21AR073373"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes of Health","award":["2R01 AR060788"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2R01 AR060788"]}]},{"name":"American Heart Association","award":["19PRE34450211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19PRE34450211"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human tripartite motif family of proteins 32 (TRIM32) is a ubiquitous multifunctional protein that has demonstrated roles in differentiation, muscle physiology and regeneration, and tumor suppression. Mutations in TRIM32 result in two clinically diverse diseases. A mutation in the B-box domain gives rise to Bardet\u2013Biedl syndrome (BBS), a disease whose clinical presentation shares no muscle pathology, while mutations in the NHL (NCL-1, HT2A, LIN-41) repeats of TRIM32 causes limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H). TRIM32 also functions as a tumor suppressor, but paradoxically is overexpressed in certain types of cancer. Recent evidence supports a role for TRIM32 in glycolytic-mediated cell growth, thus providing a possible mechanism for TRIM32 in the accumulation of cellular biomass during regeneration and tumorigenesis, including in vitro and in vivo approaches, to understand the broad spectrum of TRIM32 functions. A special emphasis is placed on the utility of the Drosophila model, a unique system to study glycolysis and anabolic pathways that contribute to the growth and homeostasis of both normal and tumor tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T13:27:20Z","timestamp":1615382840000},"page":"408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["TRIM32: A Multifunctional Protein Involved in Muscle Homeostasis, Glucose Metabolism, and Tumorigenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Simranjot","family":"Bawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosanna","family":"Piccirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika R.","family":"Geisbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sardiello, M., Cairo, S., Fontanella, B., Ballabio, A., and Meroni, G. 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