{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:48:23Z","timestamp":1789501703099,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC","award":["109-2313-B-005-018-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["109-2313-B-005-018-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by toxic peptides derived from incompletely digested glutens in the stomach. Peptidases that can digest the toxic peptides may formulate an oral enzyme therapy to improve the patients\u2019 health condition. Bga1903 is a serine endopeptidase secreted by Burkholderia gladioli. The preproprotein of Bga1903 consists of an N-terminal signal peptide, a propeptide region, and an enzymatic domain that belongs to the S8 subfamily. Bga1903 could be secreted into the culture medium when it was expressed in E. coli. The purified Bga1903 is capable of hydrolyzing the gluten-derived toxic peptides, such as the 33- and 26-mer peptides, with the preference for the peptide bonds at the carbonyl site of glutamine (P1 position). The kinetic assay of Bga1903 toward the chromogenic substrate Z-HPQ-pNA at 37 \u00b0C, pH 7.0, suggests that the values of Km and kcat are 0.44 \u00b1 0.1 mM and 17.8 \u00b1 0.4 s\u22121, respectively. The addition of Bga1903 in the wort during the fermentation step of beer could help in making gluten-free beer. In summary, Bga1903 is usable to reduce the gluten content in processed foods and represents a good candidate for protein engineering\/modification aimed to efficiently digest the gluten at the gastric condition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11030451","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T11:48:22Z","timestamp":1615981702000},"page":"451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Efficient Hydrolysis of Gluten-Derived Celiac Disease-Triggering Immunogenic Peptides by a Bacterial Serine Protease from Burkholderia gladioli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0887-4047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-You","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Microbial Genomics, National Chung Hsing University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Cheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Hao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ming","family":"Leu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0179-432X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Menghsiao","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Kuang Rd., Taichung 40227, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM.1998.75.5.644","article-title":"Quantitative determination of gluten protein types in wheat flour by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"75","author":"Wieser","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cereal Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2015.07.008","article-title":"Gluten and wheat sensitivities\u2014An overview","volume":"67","author":"Scherf","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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