{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T07:27:31Z","timestamp":1789198051414,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1F1A1073833"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1073833"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gangnam Severance Hospital Prostate Cancer Center Research Committee","award":["7523110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7523110"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The androgen receptor (AR) is one of the main components in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and treatment strategies are mostly directed toward manipulation of the AR pathway. In the metastatic setting, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the foundation of treatment in patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). However, treatment response is short-lived, and the majority of patients ultimately progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Surmountable data from clinical trials have shown that the maintenance of AR signaling in the castration environment is accountable for disease progression. Study results indicate multiple factors and survival pathways involved in PCa. Based on these findings, the alternative molecular pathways involved in PCa progression can be manipulated to improve current regimens and develop novel treatment modalities in the management of CRPC. In this review, the interaction between AR signaling and other molecular pathways involved in tumor pathogenesis and its clinical implications in metastasis and advanced disease will be discussed, along with a thorough overview of current and ongoing novel treatments for AR signaling inhibition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11040492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]],"date-time":"2021-03-25T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1616683872000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Current Status and Future Perspectives of Androgen Receptor Inhibition Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7836-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tae Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHA Bundang Medical Center, Department of Urology, CHA University College of Medicine, Seongnam 13496, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hwa","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7303-6256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyo Chul","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prnil.2019.06.001","article-title":"Clinical studies investigating the use of leuprorelin for prostate cancer in Asia","volume":"8","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prostate Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00799","article-title":"ARCHES: A Randomized, Phase III Study of Androgen Deprivation Therapy With Enzalutamide or Placebo in Men With Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer","volume":"37","author":"Armstrong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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