{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:34:09Z","timestamp":1792089249592,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron deficiency (ID) is particularly frequent in obese patients due to increased circulating levels of acute-phase reactant hepcidin and adiposity-associated inflammation. Inflammation in obese subjects is closely related to ID. It induces reduced iron absorption correlated to the inhibition of duodenal ferroportin expression, parallel to the increased concentrations of hepcidin. Obese subjects often get decreased inflammatory response after bariatric surgery, accompanied by decreased serum hepcidin and therefore improved iron absorption. Bariatric surgery can induce the mitigation or resolution of obesity-associated complications, such as hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia, adjusting many parameters in the metabolism. However, gastric bypass surgery and sleeve gastrectomy can induce malabsorption and may accentuate ID. The present review explores the burden and characteristics of ID and anemia in obese patients after bariatric surgery, accounting for gastric bypass technique (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass\u2014RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). After bariatric surgery, obese subjects\u2019 iron status should be monitored, and they should be motivated to use adequate and recommended iron supplementation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]],"date-time":"2021-04-21T12:47:07Z","timestamp":1619009227000},"page":"613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Iron Deficiency in Obesity and after Bariatric Surgery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2632-3935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Geir","family":"Bj\u00f8rklund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Toften 24, 8610 Mo i Rana, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3306-0419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Peana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8035-4866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Pivina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8782-6718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru","family":"Dosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7518-5703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Aaseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2380 Brumunddal, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1324-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliya","family":"Semenova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, 071400 Semey, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1789-8307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Chirumbolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"CONEM Scientific Secretary, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serenella","family":"Medici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5831-801X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Dadar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 31975\/148, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel-Ovidiu","family":"Costea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.01.002","article-title":"Effect of different sources and levels of iron in the diet of sows on iron status in neonatal pigs","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. 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