{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:21:04Z","timestamp":1792034464073,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":150,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea","award":["PJ015726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PJ015726"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salicylic acid (SA) is an active secondary metabolite that occurs in bacteria, fungi, and plants. SA and its derivatives (collectively called salicylates) are synthesized from chorismate (derived from shikimate pathway). SA is considered an important phytohormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth, environmental stress, and defense responses against pathogens. Besides plants, a large number of bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Salmonella, Achromobacter, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Mycobacteria, have been reported to synthesize salicylates through the NRPS\/PKS biosynthetic gene clusters. This bacterial salicylate production is often linked to the biosynthesis of small ferric-ion-chelating molecules, salicyl-derived siderophores (known as catecholate) under iron-limited conditions. Although bacteria possess entirely different biosynthetic pathways from plants, they share one common biosynthetic enzyme, isochorismate synthase, which converts chorismate to isochorismate, a common precursor for synthesizing SA. Additionally, SA in plants and bacteria can undergo several modifications to carry out their specific functions. In this review, we will systematically focus on the plant and bacterial salicylate biosynthesis and its metabolism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11050705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]],"date-time":"2021-05-09T21:32:46Z","timestamp":1620595966000},"page":"705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Awdhesh","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Hyun","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11101-012-9242-8","article-title":"Phenolic compounds: From plants to foods","volume":"11","author":"Cheynier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phytochem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2012.708909","article-title":"Phenolic compounds of cereals and their antioxidant capacity","volume":"56","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.2203\/dose-response.09-028.Hadacek","article-title":"Hormesis and a chemical raison d\u2019\u00eatre for secondary plant metabolites","volume":"9","author":"Hadacek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Dose Response"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.5.4.10871","article-title":"Phenolic acids act as signaling molecules in plant-microbe symbioses","volume":"5","author":"Mandal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.580753","article-title":"Phenolic Compound induction in plant-microbe and plant-insect interactions: A meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Wallis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2020.00338","article-title":"Salicylic acid biosynthesis in plants","volume":"11","author":"Lefevere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0156","DOI":"10.1199\/tab.0156","article-title":"Salicylic acid biosynthesis and metabolism","volume":"9","author":"Dempsey","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arab. Book"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.43.060192.002255","article-title":"Role of salicylic acid in plants","volume":"43","author":"Raskin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00697","article-title":"Salicylic acid signal transduction: The initiation of biosynthesis, perception and transcriptional reprogramming","volume":"5","author":"Seyfferth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"405","article-title":"Ueber das rigatellische fiebermittel und \u00fcber eine in der weidenrinde entdeckte alcaloidische substanz","volume":"29","author":"Buchner","year":"1828","journal-title":"Repert. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1126\/science.237.4822.1601","article-title":"Salicylic acid: A natural inducer of heat production in Arum lilies","volume":"237","author":"Raskin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.050908.135202","article-title":"Salicylic Acid, a multifaceted hormone to combat disease","volume":"47","author":"Vlot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1126\/science.250.4983.1002","article-title":"Salicylic acid: A likely endogenous signal in the resistance response of tobacco to viral infection","volume":"250","author":"Malamy","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(79)90019-9","article-title":"Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) induces resistance to tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco","volume":"99","author":"White","year":"1979","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0434.1980.tb03748.x","article-title":"The effects of aspirin and polyacrylic acid on soluble leaf proteins and resistance to virus infection in five cultivars of Tobacco","volume":"98","author":"Antoniw","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-03-18-0067-CR","article-title":"Systemic acquired resistance and salicylic acid: Past, present, and future","volume":"31","author":"Klessig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.250.4983.1004","article-title":"Increase in salicylic acid at the onset of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber","volume":"250","author":"Signer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7909.2011.01043.x","article-title":"Salicylic acid and its function in plant immunity","volume":"53","author":"An","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Integr. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.99.3.799","article-title":"Salicylate, A New Plant Hormone 1","volume":"99","author":"Raskin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dempsey, D.A., and Klessig, D.F. (2017). How does the multifaceted plant hormone salicylic acid combat disease in plants and are similar mechanisms utilized in humans?. BMC Biol., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-017-0364-8"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.1992.tb00133.x","article-title":"Salicylic acid and plant disease resistance","volume":"2","author":"Malamy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2020.01.004","article-title":"Stories of salicylic acid: A plant defense hormone","volume":"25","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","first-page":"858","article-title":"Progress on the biosynthesis and signal transduction of phytohormone salicylic acid","volume":"42","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yi Chuan Hered."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2019.02.004","article-title":"Salicylic acid: Biosynthesis, perception, and contributions to plant immunity","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00462","article-title":"Salicylic acid-induced abiotic stress tolerance and underlying mechanisms in plants","volume":"6","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00004","article-title":"Regulation of water, salinity, and cold stress responses by salicylic acid","volume":"5","author":"Miura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.12204","article-title":"Roles of plant hormones in the regulation of host\u2013virus interactions","volume":"16","author":"Alazem","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.104.055293","article-title":"Constitutively elevated salicylic acid signals glutathione-mediated nickel tolerance in Thlaspi nickel hyperaccumulators","volume":"137","author":"Freeman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.062257","article-title":"Heat stress phenotypes of Arabidopsis mutants implicate multiple signaling pathways in the acquisition of thermotolerance","volume":"138","author":"Larkindale","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3321","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err031","article-title":"Salicylic acid beyond defence: Its role in plant growth and development","volume":"62","author":"Plasencia","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.19.00130","article-title":"V Salicylic acid affects root meristem patterning via auxin distribution in a concentration-dependent manner","volume":"180","author":"Pasternak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2010.03378.x","article-title":"Salicylic acid promotes seed germination under high salinity by modulating antioxidant activity in Arabidopsis","volume":"188","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Phytol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2020.02.002","article-title":"Salicylic acid steers the growth-immunity tradeoff","volume":"25","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0191-84","article-title":"Aspirin","volume":"264","author":"Weissmann","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sci. Am."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdu225","article-title":"Estimates of benefits and harms of prophylactic use of aspirin in the general population","volume":"26","author":"Cuzick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2017.4167","article-title":"Salicylic acid metabolites and derivatives inhibit CDK activity: Novel insights into aspirin\u2019s chemopreventive effects against colorectal cancer","volume":"51","author":"Dachineni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S84765","article-title":"Salicylic acid as a peeling agent: A comprehensive review","volume":"8","author":"Arif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.2307\/3870046","article-title":"The shikimate pathway: Early steps in the biosynthesis of aromatic compounds","volume":"7","author":"Herrmann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2018.00032","article-title":"Metabolic Engineering of the Shikimate Pathway for Production of Aromatics and Derived Compounds\u2014Present and Future Strain Construction Strategies","volume":"6","author":"Averesch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kayser, N.A.O., and Averesch, N. (2015). Technische Biochemie: Die Biochemie und Industrielle Nutzung von Naturstoffen, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-05548-6"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssq048","article-title":"New insights into the shikimate and aromatic amino acids biosynthesis pathways in plants","volume":"3","author":"Tzin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2013.00062","article-title":"Shikimate and phenylalanine biosynthesis in the green lineage","volume":"4","author":"Tohge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC08078K","article-title":"Chorismate- and isochorismate converting enzymes: Versatile catalysts acting on an important metabolic node","volume":"57","author":"Hubrich","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1080\/20014091096710","article-title":"A Metabolic Node in Action: Chorismate-utilizing enzymes in microorganisms","volume":"27","author":"Dosselaere","year":"2001","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/35107108","article-title":"Isochorismate synthase is required to synthesize salicylic acid for plant defence","volume":"414","author":"Wildermuth","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2018.02.011","article-title":"Unraveling the structure and mechanism of the MST(ery) enzymes","volume":"43","author":"Shelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"30369","article-title":"PBS3 and EPS1 complete salicylic acid biosynthesis from isochorismate in Arabidopsis","volume":"S1674-2052","author":"Bobokalonova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw1720","article-title":"Isochorismate-derived biosynthesis of the plant stress hormone salicylic acid","volume":"365","author":"Rekhter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1080\/15226514.2017.1290581","article-title":"Bacterial siderophores promote plant growth: Screening of catechol and hydroxamate siderophores","volume":"19","author":"Grobelak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Phytoremediation"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00423","article-title":"Intra and extracellular journey of the phytohormone salicylic acid","volume":"10","author":"Buchala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8861","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07567-0","article-title":"Promysalin is a salicylate-containing antimicrobial with a cell-membrane-disrupting mechanism of action on Gram-positive bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Kaduskar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-014-2102-0","article-title":"Rhizobacterial salicylate production provokes headaches!","volume":"382","author":"Bakker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2016.10.005","article-title":"Siderophores in iron metabolism: From mechanism to therapy potential","volume":"22","author":"Wilson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2019.06.001","article-title":"Strategies to establish the link between biosynthetic gene clusters and secondary metabolites","volume":"130","author":"Mortensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-09708-z","article-title":"Detecting and prioritizing biosynthetic gene clusters for bioactive compounds in bacteria and fungi","volume":"103","author":"Tran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"e2250","article-title":"The in silico characterization of a salicylic acid analogue coding fene clusters in selected Pseudomonas fluorescens strains","volume":"17","author":"Shehroz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.synbio.2015.12.002","article-title":"The secondary metabolite bioinformatics portal: Computational tools to facilitate synthetic biology of secondary metabolite production","volume":"1","author":"Weber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Synth. Syst. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbx146","article-title":"Recent development of antiSMASH and other computational approaches to mine secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters","volume":"20","author":"Blin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Brief. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.4.6.8392","article-title":"Biosynthesis of salicylic acid in plants","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BSR20171457","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20171457","article-title":"Comparative analysis of plant isochorismate synthases reveals structural mechanisms underlying their distinct biochemical properties","volume":"38","author":"Yokoo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23603","DOI":"10.4161\/psb.23603","article-title":"Chloroplast envelope localization of EDS5, an essential factor for salicylic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"8","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Signal. Behav."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-013-1869-1","article-title":"Genome-wide characterization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene family in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)","volume":"238","author":"Dong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-3054.2003.00117.x","article-title":"Formation and vacuolar localization of salicylic acid glucose conjugates in soybean cell suspension cultures","volume":"118","author":"Dean","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-010-9787-1","article-title":"The herbivore-induced plant volatile methyl salicylate negatively affects attraction of the parasitoid Diadegma semiclausum","volume":"36","author":"Snoeren","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Chem. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14807","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1302702110","article-title":"Salicylic acid 3-hydroxylase regulates Arabidopsis leaf longevity by mediating salicylic acid catabolism","volume":"110","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1890","article-title":"Minimum information about a biosynthetic gene cluster","volume":"11","author":"Medema","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1884","article-title":"Computational approaches to natural product discovery","volume":"11","author":"Medema","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0284-4","article-title":"Bacterial siderophores in community and host interactions","volume":"18","author":"Kramer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, U., Praharaj, C.S., Singh, S.S., and Singh, N.P. (2016). Role of phytosiderophores in acquisition of iron and other micronutrients in food legumes. Biofortification of Food Crops, Springer India.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2716-8"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2017.10.012","article-title":"Synthesis, nature and utility of universal iron chelator\u2013Siderophore: A review","volume":"212","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varma, A., and Chincholkar, S.B. (2007). Fungal Siderophores: Structure, Functions and Regulation BT\u2014Microbial Siderophores, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-71160-5"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11270","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201505063","article-title":"Conversion of anthranilate synthase into isochorismate synthase: Implications for the Evolution of chorismate-utilizing enzymes","volume":"54","author":"Plach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"681","article-title":"Anachelin, the siderophore of the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica CCAP 1403\/2A","volume":"55","author":"Beiderbeck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Z. Nat. C"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-009-9234-3","article-title":"Surface modifications based on the cyanobacterial siderophore anachelin: From structure to functional biomaterials design","volume":"22","author":"Gademann","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallenet, D., Nordmann, P., Barbe, V., Poirel, L., Mangenot, S., Bataille, E., Dossat, C., Gas, S., Kreimeyer, A., and Lenoble, P. (2008). Comparative analysis of Acinetobacters: Three genomes for three lifestyles. PLoS ONE, 3.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001805"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NP00046A","article-title":"Current biochemical understanding regarding the metabolism of acinetobactin, the major siderophore of the human pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii, and outlook for discovery of novel anti-infectious agents based thereon","volume":"37","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-76-181","article-title":"Naturally occurring fluorescent pseudomonads involved in suppression of black root rot of tobacco","volume":"76","author":"Stutz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO.1997.87.6.588","article-title":"Salicylic acid produced by the rhizobacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2 induces resistance to leaf infection by Botrytis cinerea on bean","volume":"87","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-84-139","article-title":"Induction of systemic resistance of tobacco to tobacco necrosis virus by the root-colonizing Pseudomonas fluorescens strain CHA0: Influence of the gacA gene and of pyoverdine production","volume":"84","author":"Maurhofer","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1094\/Phyto-85-1021","article-title":"Induction of systemic resistance against Fusarium wilt of radish by lipopolysaccharides of Pseudomonas fluorescens","volume":"85","author":"Leeman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Phytopathology"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.6.1909-1920.2001","article-title":"Analysis of the pmsCEAB gene cluster involved in biosynthesis of salicylic acid and the siderophore pseudomonine in the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS374","volume":"183","author":"Olsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1997.10.6.716","article-title":"Differential induction of systemic resistance in Arabidopsis by biocontrol bacteria","volume":"10","author":"Pieterse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocontrol.2004.08.007","article-title":"Suppression of bacterial wilt in Eucalyptus urophylla by fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. in China","volume":"32","author":"Ran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Control"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI.1997.10.6.761","article-title":"Salicylic acid produced by Serratia marcescens 90-166 is not the primary determinant of induced systemic resistance in cucumber or tobacco","volume":"10","author":"Press","year":"1997","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00247-19","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00247-19","article-title":"Genome sequence of pigmented siderophore-producing strain Serratia marcescens SM6","volume":"8","author":"Khilyas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microbiol. Resour. Announc."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.62.3.865-871.1996","article-title":"Involvement of pyochelin and pyoverdin in suppression of Pythium-induced damping-off of tomato by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7NSK2","volume":"62","author":"Buysens","year":"1996","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21768","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202410200","article-title":"Salicylate biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Purification and characterization of PchB, a novel bifunctional enzyme displaying isochorismate pyruvate-lyase and chorismate mutase activities","volume":"277","author":"Gaille","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5961","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2014.09.010","article-title":"Expanding the results of a high throughput screen against an isochorismate-pyruvate lyase to enzymes of a similar scaffold or mechanism","volume":"22","author":"Meneely","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008743502784","article-title":"Role of salicylic acid in systemic resistance induced by Pseudomonas spp. against Pythium aphanidermatum in cucumber roots","volume":"105","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-5013-00202","article-title":"Role of salicylic acid in systemic resistance induced by Pseudomonas fluorescens against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in chickpea","volume":"158","author":"Saikia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4489\/MYCO.2005.33.1.035","article-title":"Effect of iron availability on induction of systemic resistance to fusarium wilt of chickpea by Pseudomonas spp.","volume":"33","author":"Saikia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mycobiology"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02931579","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa inducing rice resistance against Rhizoctonia solani: Production of salicylic acid and peroxidases","volume":"51","author":"Saikia","year":"2006","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-36-3-184","article-title":"Isolation of a novel siderophore from Pseudomonas cepacia","volume":"36","author":"Sokol","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, M., Ali, M., Choi, S.-J., Park, Y.-I., and Baek, K.-H. (2020). Salicylic acid-producing endophytic bacteria increase nicotine accumulation and resistance against wildfire disease in tobacco plants. Microorganisms, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8010031"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hertlein, G., M\u00fcller, S., Garcia-Gonzalez, E., Poppinga, L., S\u00fcssmuth, R.D., and Genersch, E. (2014). Production of the catechol type siderophore bacillibactin by the honey bee pathogen Paenibacillus larvae. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108272"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-132-8-2219","article-title":"V Isolation and characterization of siderophores from Azospirillum lipoferum D-2","volume":"132","author":"Saxena","year":"1986","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.Y., Passalacqua, K.D., Hanna, P.C., and Sherman, D.H. (2011). Regulation of petrobactin and bacillibactin biosynthesis in Bacillus anthracis under iron and oxygen variation. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020777"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0119088","article-title":"Petrobactin, a photoreactive siderophore produced by the oil-degrading marine bacterium Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus","volume":"124","author":"Barbeau","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-010-9642-1","article-title":"Endophytic bacteria improve seedling growth of sunflower under water stress, produce salicylic acid, and inhibit growth of pathogenic fungi","volume":"61","author":"Forchetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12016","DOI":"10.1088\/1755-1315\/102\/1\/012016","article-title":"Potential of Bacillus spp. produces siderophores insuppressing thewilt disease of banana plants","volume":"102","author":"Kesaulya","year":"2018","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.57182\/jbiopestic.5.2.178-185","article-title":"Endophytic bacteria from tomato and their efficacy against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, the wilt pathogen","volume":"5","author":"Nandhini","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biopestic."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.8.4706-4713.2003","article-title":"Photobactin: A catechol siderophore produced by Photorhabdus luminescens, an entomopathogen mutually associated with Heterorhabditis bacteriophora NC1 nematodes","volume":"69","author":"Ciche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-014-6370-7","article-title":"A new salicylate synthase AmS is identified for siderophores biosynthesis in Amycolatopsis methanolica 239T","volume":"99","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-009-9217-4","article-title":"Salmochelin, the long-overlooked catecholate siderophore of Salmonella","volume":"22","author":"Valdebenito","year":"2009","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.06089.x","article-title":"Biosynthesis and IroC-dependent export of the siderophore salmochelin are essential for virulence of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium","volume":"67","author":"Crouch","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3677","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0737682100","article-title":"Salmochelins, siderophores of Salmonella enterica and uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, are recognized by the outer membrane receptor IroN","volume":"100","author":"Hantke","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43671-4","article-title":"Vibriobactin, a siderophore from Vibrio cholerae","volume":"259","author":"Griffiths","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thode, S.K., Rojek, E., Kozlowski, M., Ahmad, R., and Haugen, P. (2018). Distribution of siderophore gene systems on a Vibrionaceae phylogeny: Database searches, phylogenetic analyses and evolutionary perspectives. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191860"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.41.2.644-649.1983","article-title":"Siderophore production by Vibrio vulnificus","volume":"41","author":"Simpson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00140480","article-title":"Structure of vulnibactin, a new polyamine-containing siderophore from Vibrio vulnificus","volume":"7","author":"Okujo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00001","article-title":"Molecular characterization of vulnibactin biosynthesis in Vibrio vulnificus indicates the existence of an alternative siderophore","volume":"5","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6698","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.11.6698-6702.2003","article-title":"Biosynthesis of yersiniabactin, a complex polyketide-nonribosomal peptide, using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host","volume":"69","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5061","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.15.5061-5066.2005","article-title":"Salicylate biosynthesis: Overexpression, purification, and characterization of Irp9, a bifunctional salicylate synthase from Yersinia enterocolitica","volume":"187","author":"Kerbarh","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.04.008","article-title":"Yersiniabactin iron uptake: Mechanisms and role in Yersinia pestis pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Perry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paauw, A., Leverstein-van Hall, M.A., van Kessel, K.P.M., Verhoef, J., and Fluit, A.C. (2009). Yersiniabactin reduces the respiratory oxidative stress response of innate immune cells. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0008240"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-5521(98)90291-5","article-title":"Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene cluster encoding the biosynthetic enzymes for assembly of the virulence-conferring siderophore mycobactin","volume":"5","author":"Quadri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.3.1252","article-title":"The salicylate-derived mycobactin siderophores of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are essential for growth in macrophages","volume":"97","author":"Rutter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6081","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00338-06","article-title":"The structure of MbtI from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of the siderophore mycobactin, reveals it to be a salicylate synthase","volume":"188","author":"Harrison","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00359-16","article-title":"Iron homeostasis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Mechanistic insights into siderophore-mediated Iron uptake","volume":"198","author":"Sritharan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2018.08.030","article-title":"Mycobacterial siderophore: A review on chemistry and biology of siderophore and its potential as a target for tuberculosis","volume":"157","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.0c01176","article-title":"The Mycobactin biosynthesis pathway: A prospective therapeutic target in the battle against tuberculosis","volume":"64","author":"Shyam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-64179-3.00013-X","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of salicyl-capped siderophores","volume":"Volume 59","year":"2018","journal-title":"Studies in Natural Products Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Masschelein, J., Mattheus, W., Gao, L.-J., Moons, P., Van Houdt, R., Uytterhoeven, B., Lamberigts, C., Lescrinier, E., Rozenski, J., and Herdewijn, P. (2013). A PKS\/NRPS\/FAS hybrid gene cluster from Serratia plymuthica RVH1 encoding the biosynthesis of three broad spectrum, Zeamine-related antibiotics. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054143"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3770","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201609079","article-title":"Nonribosomal peptide synthesis\u2014Principles and prospects","volume":"56","author":"Mainz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9259","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1401734111","article-title":"Atlas of nonribosomal peptide and polyketide biosynthetic pathways reveals common occurrence of nonmodular enzymes","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NP00047J","article-title":"Type II non-ribosomal peptide synthetase proteins: Structure, mechanism, and protein\u2013protein interactions","volume":"37","author":"Jaremko","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbapap.2017.05.010","article-title":"Structural and functional aspects of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase condensation domain superfamily: Discovery, dissection and diversity","volume":"1865","author":"Bloudoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Proteins Proteom."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayari, M., van der Nest, M.A., Steenkamp, E.T., Soal, N.C., Wilken, P.M., and Wingfield, B.D. (2019). Distribution and evolution of nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters in the Ceratocystidaceae. Genes, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10050328"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/S1367-5931(00)00235-0","article-title":"Tailoring enzymes that modify nonribosomal peptides during and after chain elongation on NRPS assembly lines","volume":"5","author":"Walsh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)45437-9","article-title":"Studies of a flavoprotein, salicylate hydroxylase: I. Preparation, properties, and the uncoupling of oxygen reduction from hydroxylation","volume":"247","author":"Kamin","year":"1972","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.135","article-title":"Catalytic mechanism for the conversion of salicylate into catechol by the flavin-dependent monooxygenase salicylate hydroxylase","volume":"129","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00220a028","article-title":"Nucleotide sequence analysis of the Pseudomonas putida PpG7 salicylate hydroxylase gene (nahG) and its 3\u2032-flanking region","volume":"30","author":"You","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.8.2315-2322.1999","article-title":"NahW, a novel, inducible salicylate hydroxylase involved in mineralization of naphthalene by Pseudomonas stutzeri AN10","volume":"181","author":"Bosch","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01217","article-title":"The naphthalene catabolic genes of Pseudomonas putida BS3701: Additional regulatory control","volume":"11","author":"Petrikov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-014-9729-4","article-title":"Functional analysis of pyochelin-\/enantiopyochelin-related genes from a pathogenicity island of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PA14","volume":"27","author":"Maspoli","year":"2014","journal-title":"BioMetals"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2018.01.015","article-title":"Nonribosomal peptides for iron acquisition: Pyochelin biosynthesis as a case study","volume":"53","author":"Ronnebaum","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14937","article-title":"An overview of siderophore biosynthesis among fluorescent Pseudomonads and new insights into their complex cellular organization","volume":"22","author":"Schalk","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.5.1830-1834.2001","article-title":"VibD and VibH are required for late steps in vibriobactin biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae","volume":"183","author":"Wyckoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00372-06","article-title":"Yersiniabactin is a virulence factor for Klebsiella pneumoniae during pulmonary infection","volume":"75","author":"Lawlor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201000137","article-title":"Inhibition studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis salicylate synthase (MbtI)","volume":"5","author":"Bulloch","year":"2010","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00012-07","article-title":"Siderophore-based iron acquisition and pathogen control","volume":"71","author":"Miethke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1039\/b906679a","article-title":"Chemistry and biology of siderophores","volume":"27","author":"Hider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1159\/000494627","article-title":"The iron tug-of-war between bacterial siderophores and innate immunity","volume":"11","author":"Golonka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleine-Vehn, J., and Sauer, M. (2017). Highly sensitive salicylic acid quantification in milligram amounts of plant tissue. Plant Hormones: Methods and Protocols, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-6469-7"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10552","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1633615100","article-title":"Simultaneous analysis of phytohormones, phytotoxins, and volatile organic compounds in plants","volume":"100","author":"Schmelz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698630","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/698630","article-title":"Simultaneous determination of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, methyl salicylate, and methyl jasmonate from Ulmus pumila Leaves by GC-MS","volume":"2015","author":"Huang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2844","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.2844","article-title":"Quantification of salicylic acid (SA) and SA-glucosides in Arabidopsis thaliana","volume":"8","author":"Allasia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bio-Protocol"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1128\/jmbe.v12i1.249","article-title":"Use of blue agar CAS assay for siderophore detection","volume":"12","author":"Louden","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Biol. Educ."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00369386","article-title":"Use of chrome azurol S reagents to evaluate siderophore production by rhizosphere bacteria","volume":"12","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","journal-title":"Biol. Fertil. Soils"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)74509-2","article-title":"Colorimetric determination of the components of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylalanine-tyrosine mixtures","volume":"118","author":"Arnow","year":"1937","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/11\/5\/705\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:58:29Z","timestamp":1760162309000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/11\/5\/705"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]]},"references-count":150,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["biom11050705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11050705","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,9]]}}}