{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T11:43:09Z","timestamp":1791546189550,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":158,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010434","name":"\u201cla Caixa\u201d Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LCF\/PR\/PR13\/11080005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LCF\/PR\/PR13\/11080005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006671","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Caja Navarra","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006671","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Roviralta","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}]},{"name":"Ubesol","award":["1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1"]}]},{"name":"PIUNA PROJECT","award":["P2015-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P2015-14"]}]},{"name":"Lebanese University and the Lebanese National Council for Scientific Research","award":["1-10-2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1-10-2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), small biologically active molecules, produced by different organisms through their innate immune system, have become a considerable subject of interest in the request of novel therapeutics. Most of these peptides are cationic-amphipathic, exhibiting two main mechanisms of action, direct lysis and by modulating the immunity. The most commonly reported activity of AMPs is their anti-bacterial effects, although other effects, such as anti-fungal, anti-viral, and anti-parasitic, as well as anti-tumor mechanisms of action have also been described. Their anti-parasitic effect against leishmaniasis has been studied. Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease. Currently among parasitic diseases, it is the second most threating illness after malaria. Clinical treatments, mainly antimonial derivatives, are related to drug resistance and some undesirable effects. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic agents has become a priority, and AMPs constitute a promising alternative. In this work, we describe the principal families of AMPs (melittin, cecropin, cathelicidin, defensin, magainin, temporin, dermaseptin, eumenitin, and histatin) exhibiting a potential anti-leishmanial activity, as well as their effectiveness against other microorganisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11070984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T22:34:36Z","timestamp":1625438076000},"page":"984","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Activity of Anti-Microbial Peptides (AMPs) against Leishmania and Other Parasites: An Overview"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5777-095X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima","family":"El-Dirany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, c\/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4787-8262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hawraa","family":"Shahrour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeinab","family":"Dirany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fadi","family":"Abdel-Sater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Sciences I, Lebanese University, Hadath 1003, Lebanon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1477-6710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo","family":"Gonzalez-Gaitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Brandenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brandenburg Antiinfektiva GmbH, c\/o Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz Lungenzentrum, 23845 Borstel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3755-451X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Martinez de Tejada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2193-7316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Nguewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), University of Navarra, c\/Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides","volume":"6","author":"Bahar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2019.062","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: New hope in the war against multidrug resistance","volume":"40","author":"Mwangi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zool Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3109\/07388551.2011.594423","article-title":"Antimicrobial peptides: Key components of the innate immune system","volume":"32","author":"Pasupuleti","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. 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