{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T21:00:39Z","timestamp":1791925239324,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/02,139"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/02,139"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012818","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B2017-BMD-3686"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2017-BMD-3686"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012818","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a compound that is especially widespread in most commonly used objects due to its multiple uses in the plastic industry. However, several data support the need to restrict its use. In recent years, new implications of BPA on the renal system have been discovered, which denotes the need to expand studies in patients. To this end, a systematic review and a meta-analysis was performed to explore existing literature that examines the BPA-kidney disease paradigm and to determine what and how future studies will need to be carried out. Our systematic review revealed that only few relevant publications have focused on the problem. However, the subsequent meta-analysis revealed that high blood concentrations of BPA could be a factor in developing kidney disease, at least in people with previous pathologies such as diabetes or hypertension. Furthermore, BPA could also represent a risk factor in healthy people whose urinary excretion is higher. Finally, the data analyzed from the NHANES 03-16 cohort provided new evidence on the possible involvement of BPA in kidney disease. Therefore, our results underline the need to carry out a thorough and methodologically homogeneous study, delving into the relationship between urinary and blood BPA, glomerular filtration rate, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, preferably in population groups at risk, and subsequently in the general population, to solve this relevant conundrum with critical potential implications in Public Health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11071046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]],"date-time":"2021-07-16T10:52:58Z","timestamp":1626432778000},"page":"1046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Bisphenol a Exposure and Kidney Diseases: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and NHANES 03\u201316 Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4834-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Moreno-G\u00f3mez-Toledano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Laboratory of Renal Physiology and Experimental Nephrology, Department of Biological Systems\/Physiology, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda I.","family":"Arenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2786-416X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esperanza","family":"V\u00e9lez-V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz School of Nursing, Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz Foundation, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Coll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Service, Fundaci\u00f3 Puigvert, 08025 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5730-1929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Borja","family":"Quiroga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Service, La Princesa Universitary Hospital, 28806 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3577-2273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordi","family":"Bover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08916 Badalona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo J.","family":"Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1, Laboratory of Renal Physiology and Experimental Nephrology, Department of Biological Systems\/Physiology, 28871 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thomas, S., and Visakh, P. 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