{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T12:37:16Z","timestamp":1770813436670,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["272892"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["272892"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a syndrome characterised by chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, asthma and aspirin intolerance. An imbalance of eicosanoid metabolism with anover-production of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) has been associated with AERD. However, the precise mechanisms underlying AERD are unknown. Objective: To establish the transcriptome of the nasal polyp airway epithelial cells derived from AERD patients to discover gene expression patterns in this disease. Methods: Nasal airway epithelial cells were isolated from 12 AERD polyps and 8 AERD non-polyp nasal mucosa samples as controls from the same subjects. Utilising the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform, RNA samples were sequenced. Potential gene candidate DMRT3 was selected from the differentially-expressed genes for validation. Results: Comparative transcriptome profiling of nasal epithelial cells was accomplished in AERD. A total of 20 genes had twofold mean regulation expression differences or greater. In addition, 8 genes were upregulated, including doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 3 (DMRT3), and 12 genes were downregulated. Differentially regulated genes comprised roles in inflammation, defence and immunity. Metabolic process and embryonic development pathways were significantly enriched. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) results of DMRT3 in AERD patients were significantly upregulated compared to controls (p = 0.03). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of AERD nasal polyps localised DMRT3 and was predominantly released in the airway epithelia. Conclusion: Findings suggest that DMRT3 could be potentially involved in nasal polyp development in AERD patients. Furthermore, several genes are downregulated, hinting at the dedifferentiation phenomenon in AERD polyps. However, further studies are imperative to confirm the exact mechanism of polyp formation in AERD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]],"date-time":"2021-07-23T10:31:44Z","timestamp":1627036304000},"page":"1092","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Doublesex and Mab-3 Related Transcription Factor (DMRT3) in Nasal Polyp Epithelial Cells of Patients Suffering from Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8207-186X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V.S.","family":"Priyadharshini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de EnfermedadesRespiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Dom\u00ednguez Secc 16, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcos Alejandro","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Chobillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de EnfermedadesRespiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Dom\u00ednguez Secc 16, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Oncology at Johannes Gutenberg-University Medical Center gGmbH, D-55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Porras Guti\u00e9rrez de Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S\/N. Delegaci\u00f3n Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Gratziou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smoking Cessation Centre Pulmonary Department, Evgenidio Hospital, Athens University, 20 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Ram\u00edrez-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de EnfermedadesRespiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Dom\u00ednguez Secc 16, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1806-1779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis M.","family":"Teran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de EnfermedadesRespiratorias Ismael Cos\u00edo Villegas, Calz. de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Dom\u00ednguez Secc 16, Mexico City 14080, Mexico"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S\/N. Delegaci\u00f3n Coyoac\u00e1n, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.01.002","article-title":"Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease: Current topics and trends","volume":"135","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.10.041","article-title":"Effect of LTRA in L-ASA Challenge for Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Diagnosis","volume":"9","author":"Teran","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 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