{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:24:27Z","timestamp":1788877467267,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":252,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009543","name":"Pontificia Universidad Javeriana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["8261, 8845 and 9005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8261, 8845 and 9005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by progressive neuronal dysfunction and death of brain cells population. As the early manifestations of NDs are similar, their symptoms are difficult to distinguish, making the timely detection and discrimination of each neurodegenerative disorder a priority. Several investigations have revealed the importance of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in neurodevelopment, brain function, maturation, and neuronal activity, as well as its dysregulation involved in many types of neurological diseases. Therefore, the expression pattern of these molecules in the different NDs have gained significant attention to improve the diagnostic and treatment at earlier stages. In this sense, we gather the different microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs that have been reported as dysregulated in each disorder. Since there are a vast number of non-coding RNAs altered in NDs, some sort of synthesis, filtering and organization method should be applied to extract the most relevant information. Hence, machine learning is considered as an important tool for this purpose since it can classify expression profiles of non-coding RNAs between healthy and sick people. Therefore, we deepen in this branch of computer science, its different methods, and its meaningful application in the diagnosis of NDs from the dysregulated non-coding RNAs. In addition, we demonstrate the relevance of machine learning in NDs from the description of different investigations that showed an accuracy between 85% to 95% in the detection of the disease with this tool. All of these denote that artificial intelligence could be an excellent alternative to help the clinical diagnosis and facilitate the identification diseases in early stages based on non-coding RNAs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,1]],"date-time":"2021-08-01T21:51:07Z","timestamp":1627854667000},"page":"1132","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["The Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs and MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Perspective of Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Garc\u00eda-Fonseca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Martin-Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3004-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andres Felipe Aristiz\u00e1bal","family":"Pach\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janneth","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Nutrici\u00f3n y Bioqu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogot\u00e1 110231, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2016.1261529","article-title":"Clinical value of nutritional status in neurodegenerative diseases: What is its impact and how it affects disease progression and management?","volume":"21","author":"Tsagalioti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3391","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2016.4948","article-title":"Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases (Review)","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.08.009","article-title":"The genetics of neurodevelopmental disease","volume":"21","author":"Mitchell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666151116141603","article-title":"Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Clinical Approach","volume":"13","author":"Caballero","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Alzheimer Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D177","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1060","article-title":"ChIPBase: A database for decoding the transcriptional regulation of long non-coding RNA and microRNA genes from ChIP-Seq data","volume":"41","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.04.011","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA: Classification, biogenesis and functions in blood cells","volume":"112","author":"Dahariya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2016.12.013","article-title":"MicroRNAs as Peripheral Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Related Diseases","volume":"146","author":"Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"13","article-title":"Diagnostic Value of microRNA for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"8","author":"Ehu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2013.06.001","article-title":"Roles of long noncoding RNAs in brain development, functional diversification and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"97","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.4149\/gpb_2017042","article-title":"DNA\u2013DOPE\u2013gemini surfactants complexes at low surface charge density: From structure to transfection efficiency","volume":"37","author":"Funari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3198","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling: Approaches and considerations","volume":"13","author":"Pritchard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.ircmb.2017.04.002","article-title":"MicroRNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"334","author":"Quinlan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Cell Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riva, P., Ratti, A., and Venturin, M. (2016). The Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Novel Mechanisms of Pathogen-esis. Curr. Alzheimer Res., 13, Available online: https:\/\/www.ingentaconnect.com\/content\/ben\/car\/2016\/00000013\/00000011\/art00004.","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205013666160622112234"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2019.09.004","article-title":"Machine Learning to Detect Alzheimer\u2019s Disease from Circulating Non-coding RNAs","volume":"17","author":"Ludwig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.03.106","article-title":"MicroRNAs and deregulated gene expression networks in neurodegeneration","volume":"1338","author":"Sonntag","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2726","article-title":"Understanding microRNAs in neurodegeneration","volume":"10","author":"Eacker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100603","article-title":"Age-related changes in microRNA levels in serum","volume":"5","author":"Hooten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2011.76","article-title":"MicroRNAs in body fluids\u2014the mix of hormones and biomarkers","volume":"8","author":"Cortez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21294","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160921294","article-title":"MicroRNAs in Salivary Exosome as Potential Biomarkers of Aging","volume":"16","author":"Machida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El Naqa, I., and Murphy, M.J. (2015). What Is Machine Learning?. Machine Learning in Radiation Oncology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18305-3"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.001593","article-title":"Machine Learning in Medicine","volume":"132","author":"Deo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21056","article-title":"Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks","volume":"542","author":"Esteva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109646","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.22762","article-title":"Tumor gene expression data classification via sample expansion-based deep learning","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000470","article-title":"Deep learning applications in ophthalmology","volume":"29","author":"Rahimy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, C., Mezencev, R., McDonald, J.F., and Vannberg, F. (2017). Open source machine-learning algorithms for the prediction of optimal cancer drug therapies. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0186906"},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"843","article-title":"The C. elegans Heterochronic Gene lin-4 Encodes Small RNAs with Antisense Complemen-tarity to lin-4","volume":"116","author":"Feinbaum","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00402","article-title":"Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation","volume":"9","author":"Hayder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattick, J.S. (2018). The State of Long Non-Coding RNA Biology. Non-Coding RNA, 4.","DOI":"10.3390\/ncrna4030017"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/35002607","article-title":"The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"403","author":"Reinhart","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2011.03.009","article-title":"MicroRNA history: Discovery, recent applications, and next frontiers","volume":"717","author":"Almeida","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Mol. Mech. Mutagen."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1038\/35040556","article-title":"Conservation of the sequence and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA","volume":"408","author":"Pasquinelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.2174\/2211536611201010034","article-title":"Function and Regulation of Let-7 Family microRNAs","volume":"1","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"MicroRNA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2010.06.013","article-title":"MicroRNAs: Synthesis, mechanism, function, and recent clinical trials","volume":"1803","author":"Wahid","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA) Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3074","article-title":"Non-coding RNAs in human disease","volume":"12","author":"Esteller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.09.006","article-title":"Neurodegeneration as an RNA disorder","volume":"99","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e398","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2012.134","article-title":"MicroRNA-10b pleiotropically regulates invasion, angiogenicity and apoptosis of tumor cells resembling mesenchymal subtype of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"3","author":"Lin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1102903","article-title":"Recurrent SomaticDICER1Mutations in Nonepithelial Ovarian Cancers","volume":"366","author":"Anglesio","year":"2012","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4802","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5802","article-title":"Somatic mutations in DROSHA and DICER1 impair microRNA biogenesis through distinct mechanisms in Wilms tumours","volume":"5","author":"Rakheja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3838","article-title":"Regulation of microRNA biogenesis","volume":"15","author":"Ha","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb0309-228","article-title":"Many roads to maturity: MicroRNA biogenesis pathways and their regulation","volume":"11","author":"Winter","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1644","article-title":"MicroRNA biogenesis: Coordinated cropping and dicing","volume":"6","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, L., and Lu, Z. (2010). The Fate of miRNA* Strand through Evolutionary Analysis: Implication for Degradation as Merely Carrier Strand or Potential Regulatory Molecule?. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011387"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-017-3052-7","article-title":"Analysis of flash flood disaster characteristics in China from 2011 to 2015","volume":"90","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2017.05.004","article-title":"The Diversity of Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Generation","volume":"33","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"28","article-title":"The product of the H19 gene may function as an RNA","volume":"10","author":"Brannan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"372","article-title":"Gene Action in the X-chromosome of the Mouse (Mus musculus L.)","volume":"190","author":"Lyon","year":"1961","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058040","article-title":"The Sequence of the Human Genome","volume":"291","author":"Venter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5203-3_10","article-title":"Technological Developments in lncRNA Biology","volume":"1008","author":"Jathar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-014-2894-9","article-title":"Focusing on long noncoding RNA dysregulation in gastric cancer","volume":"36","author":"Gan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumor Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.302521","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Diseases","volume":"116","author":"Uchida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.08.018","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Long Noncoding RNAs","volume":"43","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.848","article-title":"Extensive and coordinated transcription of noncoding RNAs within cell-cycle promoters","volume":"43","author":"Hung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-051410-092902","article-title":"Genome Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs","volume":"81","author":"Rinn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2079","article-title":"Target mimicry provides a new mechanism for regulation of microRNA activity","volume":"39","author":"Valli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.07.019","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNA SNHG1 Promotes Neuroinflammation in Parkinson\u2019s Disease via Regulating miR-7\/NLRP3 Pathway","volume":"388","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08975","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR reprograms chromatin state to promote cancer metastasis","volume":"464","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192002","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNA as Modular Scaffold of Histone Modification Complexes","volume":"329","author":"Tsai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20170074","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2017.0074","article-title":"Interplay between long non-coding RNAs and epigenetic machinery: Emerging targets in cancer?","volume":"373","author":"Hanly","year":"2018","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.568","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA ANRIL is required for the PRC2 recruitment to and silencing of p15INK4B tumor suppressor gene","volume":"30","author":"Kotake","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"371","article-title":"DNMT1-interacting RNAs block gene-specific DNA methylation","volume":"503","author":"Ebralidze","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2645-3","article-title":"LncRNA ANRIL acts as a modular scaffold of WDR5 and HDAC3 complexes and promotes alteration of the vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.351707","article-title":"The imprinted H19 noncoding RNA is a primary microRNA precursor","volume":"13","author":"Cai","year":"2007","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2174-5","article-title":"Mechanisms of long noncoding RNA function in development and disease","volume":"73","author":"Schmitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.01.037","article-title":"Identification, stability and expression of Sirt1 antisense long non-coding RNA","volume":"539","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jacob, R., Zander, S., and Gutschner, T. (2017). The Dark Side of the Epitranscriptome: Chemical Modifications in Long Non-Coding RNAs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18112387"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00168.2010","article-title":"MicroRNA in central nervous system trauma and degenerative disorders","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5203-3_9","article-title":"Understanding the Role of lncRNAs in Nervous System Development","volume":"1008","author":"Clark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.459","article-title":"Human long non-coding RNAs promote pluripotency and neuronal differentiation by association with chromatin modifiers and transcription factors","volume":"31","author":"Ng","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C3","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00022.2019","article-title":"MicroRNAs in brain development and cerebrovascular pathophysiology","volume":"317","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2015.02.007","article-title":"The Long Noncoding RNA Pnky Regulates Neuronal Differentiation of Embryonic and Postnatal Neural Stem Cells","volume":"16","author":"Ramos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ponjavic, J., Oliver, P.L., Lunter, G., and Ponting, C.P. (2009). Genomic and Transcriptional Co-Localization of Protein-Coding and Long Non-Coding RNA Pairs in the Developing Brain. PLoS Genet., 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000617"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706729105","article-title":"Specific expression of long noncoding RNAs in the mouse brain","volume":"105","author":"Mercer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, M., Pedrosa, E., Shah, A., Hrabovsky, A., Maqbool, S., Zheng, D., and Lachman, H.M. (2011). RNA-Seq of Human Neurons Derived from iPS Cells Reveals Candidate Long Non-Coding RNAs Involved in Neurogenesis and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023356"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs414","article-title":"Developmental Changes in the Transcriptome of Human Cerebral Cortex Tissue: Long Noncoding RNA Transcripts","volume":"24","author":"Lipovich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.7.1601","article-title":"Activity-dependent Regulation of Dendritic BC1 RNA in Hippocampal Neurons in Culture","volume":"141","author":"Muslimov","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2010.08.011","article-title":"The Nuclear-Retained Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Regulates Alternative Splicing by Modulating SR Splicing Factor Phosphorylation","volume":"39","author":"Tripathi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9977","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3893-08.2009","article-title":"BC1 Regulation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor-Mediated Neuronal Excitability","volume":"29","author":"Zhong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2010.199","article-title":"A long nuclear-retained non-coding RNA regulates synaptogenesis by modulating gene expression","volume":"29","author":"Bernard","year":"2010","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.03978.x","article-title":"Regulation of miRNA expression during neural cell specification","volume":"21","author":"Smirnova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"175","article-title":"microRNAs: Key triggers of neuronal cell fate","volume":"8","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200908151","article-title":"Cross talk between microRNA and epigenetic regulation in adult neurogenesis","volume":"189","author":"Szulwach","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201404092","article-title":"miR-501-3p mediates the activity-dependent regulation of the expression of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1","volume":"208","author":"Hu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12444","article-title":"miR-204 downregulates EphB2 in aging mouse hippocampal neurons","volume":"15","author":"Mohammed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2011.618973","article-title":"Upregulation of Micro RNA-146a (miRNA-146a), A Marker for Inflammatory Neurodegeneration, in Sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob Disease (sCJD) and Gerstmann\u2013Straussler\u2013Scheinker (GSS) Syndrome","volume":"74","author":"Lukiw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Iyer, A., Zurolo, E., Prabowo, A., Fluiter, K., Spliet, W.G.M., Van Rijen, P.C., Gorter, J.A., and Aronica, E. (2012). MicroRNA-146a: A Key Regulator of Astrocyte-Mediated Inflammatory Response. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044789"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18962","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1121288109","article-title":"MicroRNA-223 is neuroprotective by targeting glutamate receptors","volume":"109","author":"Harraz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00136","article-title":"The interplay of microRNA and neuronal activity in health and disease","volume":"7","author":"Eacker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.03.039","article-title":"Characterizing Light-Regulated Retinal MicroRNAs Reveals Rapid Turnover as a Common Property of Neuronal MicroRNAs","volume":"141","author":"Krol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-018-0285-1","article-title":"Deregulation of neuronal miRNAs induced by amyloid-\u03b2 or TAU pathology","volume":"13","author":"Sierksma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.09.019","article-title":"17A, a novel non-coding RNA, regulates GABA B alternative splicing and signaling in response to inflammatory stimuli and in Alzheimer disease","volume":"41","author":"Massone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2019.60.7.640","article-title":"Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Aggravates A\u03b2-Induced Neuronal Damage by Targeting miR-107 in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"60","author":"Ke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Yonsei Med. J."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24449","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15511","article-title":"The long noncoding RNA HOTAIR promotes Parkinson\u2019s disease by upregulating LRRK2 expression","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2018.09.002","article-title":"Differential expression of miRNA 155 and miRNA 146a in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients","volume":"13","author":"Caggiu","year":"2018","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6156","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1500-y","article-title":"Systematic Review of miRNA as Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"56","author":"Swarbrick","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a028035","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028035","article-title":"Pathology of Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Dugger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03225.x","article-title":"Inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"129","author":"Amor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2017.06.002","article-title":"The impact of obesity on neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"182","author":"Mazon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.03.015","article-title":"Circulating miRNAs as sensitive and specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and monitoring of human diseases: Promises and challenges","volume":"46","author":"Robitaille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2011.12.001","article-title":"Secreted microRNAs: A new form of intercellular communication","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dur\u00e3es, F., Pinto, M., and Sousa, M.E. (2018). Old Drugs as New Treatments for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceuticals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph11020044"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-018-00694-0","article-title":"Gene Therapy for Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"16","author":"Sudhakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00265","article-title":"The involvement of microRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"7","author":"Maciotta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.14506.1","article-title":"Current understanding of Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Weller","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Research"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.07.052","article-title":"Abnormal tau, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired axonal transport of mitochondria, and synaptic deprivation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"1415","author":"Reddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2018.04.23","article-title":"Tau in neurodegenerative disease","volume":"6","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2016). Alzheimer\u2019s Association 2016 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimer\u2019s Dement., 12, 459\u2013509.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.03.001"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2001.81.2.741","article-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Genes, Proteins, and Therapy","volume":"81","author":"Selkoe","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140756","article-title":"Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"42","author":"Galimberti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"2","article-title":"Increased microRNA-34c abundance in Alzheimer\u2019s disease circulating blood plasma","volume":"7","author":"Ebhatnagar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4299","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.327","article-title":"microRNA-34c is a novel target to treat dementias","volume":"30","author":"Zovoilis","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1784","article-title":"Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation of \u03b2-secretase","volume":"14","author":"Faghihi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11693","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2766-05.2005","article-title":"BACE1, a Major Determinant of Selective Vulnerability of the Brain to Amyloid- Amyloidogenesis, is Essential for Cognitive, Emotional, and Synaptic Functions","volume":"25","author":"Laird","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150398","article-title":"Transcriptomics Profiling of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Reveal Neurovascular Defects, Altered Amyloid-\u03b2 Homeostasis, and Deregulated Expression of Long Noncoding RNAs","volume":"48","author":"Magistri","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9445","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1713","article-title":"An EBF3-Mediated Transcriptional Program That Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis","volume":"66","author":"Zhao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4137\/BMI.S25132","article-title":"MicroRNA-Seq Data Analysis Pipeline to Identify Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease from Public Data","volume":"10","author":"Satoh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomark. Insights"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2018.05.020","article-title":"Micro RNA as a potential blood-based epigenetic biomarker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"58","author":"Fransquet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_117","first-page":"2080","article-title":"Knockdown of BACE1-AS by siRNA improves memory and learning behaviors in Alzheimer\u2019s disease animal model","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"GRSB-S361","DOI":"10.4137\/GRSB.S361","article-title":"MicroRNA Expression in Alzheimer Blood Mononuclear Cells","volume":"1","author":"Schipper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gene Regul. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2013.10.002","article-title":"Circulating miR-125b as a biomarker of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"336","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132144","article-title":"Genome-Wide Serum microRNA Expression Profiling Identifies Serum Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"40","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.127","article-title":"Prognostic serum miRNA biomarkers associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease shows concordance with neuropsychological and neuroimaging assessment","volume":"20","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, P., Dezso, Z., MacKenzie, C., Oestreicher, J., Agoulnik, S., Byrne, M., Bernier, F., Yanagimachi, M., Aoshima, K., and Oda, Y. (2013). Circulating miRNA Biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069807"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lugli, G., Cohen, A.M., Bennett, D.A., Shah, R., Fields, C., Hernandez, A.G., and Smalheiser, N.R. (2015). Plasma Exosomal miRNAs in Persons with and without Alzheimer Disease: Altered Expression and Prospects for Biomarkers. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139233"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denk, J., Boelmans, K., Siegismund, C.S., Lassner, D., Arlt, S., and Jahn, H. (2015). MicroRNA Profiling of CSF Reveals Potential Biomarkers to Detect Alzheimer\u2018s Disease. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126423"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2008-14103","article-title":"Identification of miRNA Changes in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Brain and CSF Yields Putative Biomarkers and Insights into Disease Pathways","volume":"14","author":"Cogswell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_126","first-page":"365","article-title":"microRNA (miRNA) speciation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and extracellular fluid (ECF)","volume":"3","author":"Alexandrov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Mol. Boil."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3280148e8b","article-title":"Micro-RNA speciation in fetal, adult and Alzheimer\u2019s disease hippocampus","volume":"18","author":"Lukiw","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201505725","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA MALAT 1 regulates retinal neurodegeneration through CREB signaling","volume":"8","author":"Yao","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14820","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3883-11.2011","article-title":"MicroRNA-137\/181c Regulates Serine Palmitoyltransferase and In Turn Amyloid, Novel Targets in Sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"31","author":"Geekiyanage","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12400","article-title":"Presenilin 2 influences miR146 level and activity in microglia","volume":"127","author":"Jayadev","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2008.12.003","article-title":"Alterations of the microRNA network cause neurodegenerative disease","volume":"32","author":"Hebert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.11.032","article-title":"The miR-124 regulates the expression of BACE1\/\u03b2-secretase correlated with cell death in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"209","author":"Fang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12437","article-title":"Alternative polyadenylation and miR-34 family members regulate tau expression","volume":"127","author":"Dickson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14645","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1327-13.2013","article-title":"MiR-26b, Upregulated in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease, Activates Cell Cycle Entry, Tau-Phosphorylation, and Apoptosis in Postmitotic Neurons","volume":"33","author":"Absalon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-3-10","article-title":"MicroRNAs can regulate human APP levels","volume":"3","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.12.053","article-title":"MicroRNA-101 downregulates Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid-\u03b2 precursor protein levels in human cell cultures and is differentially expressed","volume":"404","author":"Long","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2010.07097.x","article-title":"In vivo regulation of amyloid precursor protein neuronal splicing by microRNAs","volume":"116","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0710263105","article-title":"Loss of microRNA cluster miR-29a\/b-1 in sporadic Alzheimer\u2019s disease correlates with increased BACE1\/\u03b2-secretase expression","volume":"105","author":"Papadopoulou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-013-1348-5","article-title":"MicroRNA-98 induces an Alzheimer\u2019s disease-like disturbance by targeting insulin-like growth factor","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurosci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.023","article-title":"Identification of age- and gender-associated long noncoding RNAs in the human brain with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"81","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spreafico, M., Grillo, B., Rusconi, F., Battaglioli, E., and Venturin, M. (2018). Multiple Layers of CDK5R1 Regulation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Implicate Long Non-Coding RNAs. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072022"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S107037","article-title":"Long noncoding RNAs and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bby021","article-title":"Analysis of long noncoding RNAs highlights region-specific altered expression patterns and diagnostic roles in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Briefings Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.07.015","article-title":"Identification of Alzheimer\u2019s disease\u2013associated long noncoding RNAs","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1686-y","article-title":"Epidemiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"124","author":"Tysnes","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neural Transm."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2741\/S415","article-title":"Parkinson s disease: A review","volume":"S6","author":"Beitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.22360","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Parkinson Disease","volume":"323","author":"Armstrong","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17013","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.13","article-title":"Parkinson disease","volume":"3","author":"Poewe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1140481","article-title":"A MicroRNA Feedback Circuit in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons","volume":"317","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00058","article-title":"Long Non-coding RNAs Associated With Neurodegeneration-Linked Genes Are Reduced in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Patients","volume":"13","author":"Elkouris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2007.09.021","article-title":"Variation in the miRNA-433 Binding Site of FGF20 Confers Risk for Parkinson Disease by Overexpression of \u03b1-Synuclein","volume":"82","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4971","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1913904117","article-title":"The process of Lewy body formation, rather than simply \u03b1-synuclein fibrillization, is one of the major drivers of neurodegeneration","volume":"117","author":"Burtscher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13052","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906277106","article-title":"Repression of \u03b1-synuclein expression and toxicity by microRNA-7","volume":"106","author":"Junn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2016.06.017","article-title":"Beta-asarone protects against MPTP-induced Parkinson\u2019s disease via regulating long non-coding RNA MALAT1 and inhibiting \u03b1-synuclein protein expression","volume":"83","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2011.01.023","article-title":"Identification of blood microRNAs associated to Parkinso\u0144s disease","volume":"152","author":"Margis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.4155\/bio-2016-0166","article-title":"Recent developments in circulating biomarkers in Parkinson\u2019s disease: The potential use of miRNAs in a clinical setting","volume":"8","author":"Bell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioanalysis"},{"key":"ref_157","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Long Noncoding RNAs Associated with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"2019","author":"Chi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Park. Dis."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01320","article-title":"Dysregulated Long Non-coding RNAs in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Contribute to the Apoptosis of Human Neuroblastoma Cells","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S178435","article-title":"Aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs and genes in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"14","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6900-8","article-title":"Profile of microRNAs in the plasma of Parkinson\u2019s disease patients and healthy controls","volume":"260","author":"Cardo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1118544","article-title":"A panel of four decreased serum microRNAs as a novel biomarker for early Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Dong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vallelunga, A., Ragusa, M., Di Mauro, S., Iannitti, T., Pilleri, M., Biundo, R., Weis, L., Di Pietro, C.S., De Iuliis, A., and Nicoletti, A. (2014). Identification of circulating microRNAs for the differential diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s disease and Multiple System Atrophy. Front. Cell. Neurosci., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00156"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23377","article-title":"Identification of blood serum micro-RNAs associated with idiopathic andLRRK2Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"92","author":"Compta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Res."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12726","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.086827","article-title":"Post-transcriptional Regulation of \u03b1-Synuclein Expression by mir-7 and mir-153","volume":"285","author":"Doxakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds470","article-title":"MicroRNA-205 regulates the expression of Parkinson\u2019s disease-related leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 protein","volume":"22","author":"Cho","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_166","first-page":"637","article-title":"Pathogenic LRRK2 negatively regulates microRNA-mediated translational repression","volume":"466","author":"Gehrke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(02)00180-3","article-title":"New polyphosphoramidate with a spermidine side chain as a gene carrier","volume":"83","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.02.060","article-title":"RNAi-Mediated Allelic trans-Interaction at the Imprinted Rtl1\/Peg11 Locus","volume":"15","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00175","article-title":"The Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Central Nervous System and Neurodegenerative Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1806","article-title":"Normal huntingtin function: An alternative approach to Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"6","author":"Cattaneo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00041.2009","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutical Targets in Huntington\u2019s Disease","volume":"90","author":"Zuccato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"N\u00f3brega, C., and Pereira de Almeida, L. (2018). Clinical Features of Huntington\u2019s Disease. Polyglutamine Disorders. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-71779-1"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acx086","article-title":"The Neuropsychology of Huntington\u2019s Disease","volume":"32","author":"Snowden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13413","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease: A clinical review","volume":"25","author":"McColgan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0739-9","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s Disease\u2014Update on Treatments","volume":"17","author":"Wyant","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2007.11.001","article-title":"A microRNA-based gene dysregulation pathway in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"29","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13209","article-title":"Modulation of nuclear REST by alternative splicing: A potential therapeutic target for Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldelli, P., and Meldolesi, J. (2015). The Transcription Repressor REST in Adult Neurons: Physiology, Pathology, and Diseases. Eneuro, 2.","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0010-15.2015"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0511041103","article-title":"Reciprocal actions of REST and a microRNA promote neuronal identity","volume":"103","author":"Conaco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16426","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0508448102","article-title":"From The Cover: A cAMP-response element binding protein-induced microRNA regulates neuronal morphogenesis","volume":"102","author":"Vo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14341","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2390-08.2008","article-title":"The Bifunctional microRNA miR-9\/miR-9* Regulates REST and CoREST and Is Downregulated in Huntington\u2019s Disease","volume":"28","author":"Packer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00019.2010","article-title":"Human accelerated region 1 noncoding RNA is repressed by REST in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"41","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Physiol. Genom."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2016.05.005","article-title":"Circulating microRNAs in Huntington\u2019s disease: Emerging mediators in metabolic impairment","volume":"108","author":"Crespo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7219","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq575","article-title":"A myriad of miRNA variants in control and Huntington\u2019s disease brain regions detected by massively parallel sequencing","volume":"38","author":"Pantano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18648","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24307","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs and their role in disease pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9928-9","article-title":"Altered Expression of the Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 in Huntington\u2019s Disease","volume":"54","author":"Sunwoo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.12.006","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in Huntington\u2019s disease neurodegeneration","volume":"46","author":"Johnson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-019-0487-6","article-title":"The role of long non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of hereditary diseases","volume":"12","author":"Sparber","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med. Genom."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr263","article-title":"A natural antisense transcript at the Huntington\u2019s disease repeat locus regulates HTT expression","volume":"20","author":"Chung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toivonen, J.M., Manzano, R., Oliv\u00e1n, S., Zaragoza, P., Garc\u00eda-Redondo, A., and Osta, R. (2014). MicroRNA-206: A Potential Circulating Biomarker Candidate for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089065"},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.04.007","article-title":"Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: An Update for 2018","volume":"93","author":"Oskarsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"377","author":"Kiernan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1204-1","article-title":"The Role of MicroRNAs in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Dardiotis","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.03.027","article-title":"Serum miRNAs miR-206, 143-3p and 374b-5p as potential biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)","volume":"55","author":"Waller","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2016.06.046","article-title":"MicroRNAs-424 and 206 are potential prognostic markers in spinal onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"368","author":"Avansini","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.10921","article-title":"MiR-206, a Key Modulator of Skeletal Muscle Development and Disease","volume":"11","author":"Ma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1181046","article-title":"MicroRNA-206 Delays ALS Progression and Promotes Regeneration of Neuromuscular Synapses in Mice","volume":"326","author":"Williams","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13111","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006151107","article-title":"miRNA malfunction causes spinal motor neuron disease","volume":"107","author":"Haramati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2010.01076.x","article-title":"Aberrant microRNA expression in the brains of neurodegenerative diseases: miR-29a decreased in Alzheimer disease brains targets neurone navigator","volume":"36","author":"Shioya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-014-0173-z","article-title":"Analysis of microRNA from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10048-014-0420-2","article-title":"miR-338-3p is over-expressed in blood, CFS, serum and spinal cord from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients","volume":"15","author":"Annunziata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurogenetics"},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5232","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn513","article-title":"An intronic microRNA silences genes that are functionally antagonistic to its host gene","volume":"36","author":"Barik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-6-31","article-title":"The long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1_2 induces paraspeckle formation in the motor neuron during the early phase of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"Nishimoto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2378","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20679-5","article-title":"Long non-coding and coding RNAs characterization in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Spinal Cord from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients","volume":"8","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncrna.2018.11.004","article-title":"Long non coding RNAs and ALS: Still much to do","volume":"3","author":"Gagliardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Non-Coding RNA Res."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2938","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu249","article-title":"Serum microRNAs in patients with genetic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and pre-manifest mutation carriers","volume":"137","author":"Freischmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/2051-5960-1-42","article-title":"Systemic dysregulation of TDP-43 binding microRNAs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Freischmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol. Commun."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660.e15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2015.06.003","article-title":"Serum microRNAs in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Freischmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.020","article-title":"Genome-wide circulating microRNA expression profiling reveals potential biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"64","author":"Matamala","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-015-0161-7","article-title":"Identification of plasma microRNAs as a biomarker of sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Takahashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_211","first-page":"1","article-title":"Circulating brain-enriched microRNAs as novel biomarkers for detection and differentiation of neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"9","author":"Sheinerman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.07.058","article-title":"A miRNA signature in leukocytes from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"508","author":"Guida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00288","article-title":"Dysregulation of MicroRNAs and Target Genes Networks in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"11","author":"Liguori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2016.00069","article-title":"Aberration of miRNAs Expression in Leukocytes from Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-016-8396-8","article-title":"Identification of miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients","volume":"18","author":"Benigni","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroMol. Med."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.08.015","article-title":"Disruption of skeletal muscle mitochondrial network genes and miRNAs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"49","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-6606-6-26","article-title":"Altered microRNA expression profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A role in the regulation of NFL mRNA levels","volume":"6","author":"Droppelmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Brain"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4127","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt261","article-title":"Method for widespread microRNA-155 inhibition prolongs survival in ALS-model mice","volume":"22","author":"Koval","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2015.12.008","article-title":"Expression of microRNAs in human post-mortem amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cords provides insight into disease mechanisms","volume":"71","author":"Hur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ishtiaq, M., Campos-Melo, D., Volkening, K., and Strong, M.J. (2014). Analysis of Novel NEFL mRNA Targeting microRNAs in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085653"},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7344.1018","article-title":"Science, medicine, and the future: Bioinformatics","volume":"324","author":"Bayat","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D983","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1099","article-title":"LncRNADisease: A database for long-non-coding RNA-associated diseases","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1034","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky905","article-title":"LncRNADisease 2.0: An updated database of long non-coding RNA-associated diseases","volume":"47","author":"Bao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_224","first-page":"D118","article-title":"LncTarD: A manually-curated database of experimentally-supported functional lncRNA\u2013target regulations in human diseases","volume":"48","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D128","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky960","article-title":"LncBook: A curated knowledgebase of human long non-coding RNAs","volume":"47","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1013","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1010","article-title":"HMDD v3.0: A database for experimentally supported human microRNA\u2013disease associations","volume":"47","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D181","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx1035","article-title":"MSDD: A manually curated database of experimentally supported associations among miRNAs, SNPs and human diseases","volume":"46","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S.S., Saha, P., and Chakravorty, N. (2018). miRwayDB: A database for experimentally validated microRNA-pathway associations in pathophysiological conditions. Database, 2018.","DOI":"10.1093\/database\/bay023"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14029","article-title":"Artificial intelligence, machine learning and deep learning: Definitions and differences","volume":"45","author":"Jakhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luxton, D.D. (2016). An Introduction to Artificial Intelligence in Behavioral and Mental Health Care, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-420248-1.00001-5"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12822","article-title":"eDoctor: Machine learning and the future of medicine","volume":"284","author":"Handelman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1606181","article-title":"Predicting the Future\u2014Big Data, Machine Learning, and Clinical Medicine","volume":"375","author":"Obermeyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_233","first-page":"2222","article-title":"What is Machine Learning? A Primer for the Epidemiologist","volume":"188","author":"Bi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2017.09.149","article-title":"Machine Learning and Neurosurgical Outcome Prediction: A Systematic Review","volume":"109","author":"Senders","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3347","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180607124038","article-title":"Machine Learning-based Virtual Screening and Its Applications to Alzheimer\u2019s Drug Discovery: A Review","volume":"24","author":"Carpenter","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.13145","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and machine learning in emergency medicine","volume":"30","author":"Stewart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Australas."},{"key":"ref_237","first-page":"1","article-title":"An application of machine learning with feature selection to improve diagnosis and classification of neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"20","author":"Ayala","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40192-7","article-title":"Using Machine Learning to Predict Sensorineural Hearing Loss Based on Perilymph Micro RNA Expression Profile","volume":"9","author":"Shew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374289519873088","DOI":"10.1177\/2374289519873088","article-title":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Pathology: The Present Landscape of Supervised Methods","volume":"6","author":"Rashidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acad. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12667","article-title":"A review of machine learning in obesity","volume":"19","author":"DeGregory","year":"2018","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_241","first-page":"1","article-title":"Machine learning in medicine: A practical introduction","volume":"19","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10715","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TC02043C","article-title":"Multi-phase semicrystalline microstructures drive exciton dissociation in neat plastic semiconductors","volume":"3","author":"Paquin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. C"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-006-0041-y","article-title":"Privacy-preserving Na\u00efve Bayes classification","volume":"17","author":"Vaidya","year":"2008","journal-title":"VLDB J."},{"key":"ref_244","first-page":"296","article-title":"Overview of artifi cial neural network models in the biomedical domain","volume":"116","author":"Renganathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bratisl. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.02.034","article-title":"Neural network models and deep learning","volume":"29","author":"Kriegeskorte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_246","first-page":"2321","article-title":"Review on determining number of Cluster in K-Means Clustering","volume":"1","author":"Kodinariya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci. Manag. Stud."},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3010","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-017-2216-2","article-title":"The individual identification method of wireless device based on dimensionality reduction and machine learning","volume":"75","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Supercomput."},{"key":"ref_248","unstructured":"(2013). Computational Toxicology. Methods Mol. Biol., 27, 258\u2013284."},{"key":"ref_249","unstructured":"Smith, L.I. (2021, March 10). A Tutorial on Principal Components Analysis (Computer Science Technical Report No. OUCS-2002-12). Available online: http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10523\/7534."},{"key":"ref_250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17455","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24736","article-title":"miRNA-based signatures in cerebrospinal fluid as potential diagnostic tools for early stage Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"9","author":"Correia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666150813142956","article-title":"Long non-coding RNAs in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R78","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-7-r78","article-title":"A blood based 12-miRNA signature of Alzheimer disease patients","volume":"14","author":"Leidinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/11\/8\/1132\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:38:22Z","timestamp":1760164702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/11\/8\/1132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]},"references-count":252,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["biom11081132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11081132","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]]}}}