{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:56:04Z","timestamp":1790668564613,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/L001926\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/L001926\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The oomycete pathogen Aphanomyces astaci, also known as \u201ccrayfish plague\u201d, is an obligate fungal-like parasite of freshwater crustaceans and is considered responsible for the ongoing decline of native European crayfish populations. A. astaci is thought to secrete a wide array of effectors and enzymes that facilitate infection, however their molecular mechanisms have been poorly characterized. Here, we report the identification of AA15 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) as a new group of secreted virulence factors in A. astaci. We show that this enzyme family has greatly expanded in A. astaci compared to all other oomycetes, and that it may facilitate infection through oxidative degradation of crystalline chitin, the most abundant polysaccharide found in the crustacean exoskeleton. These findings reveal new roles for LPMOs in animal\u2013pathogen interactions, and could help inform future strategies for the protection of farmed and endangered species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11081180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T21:41:46Z","timestamp":1628545306000},"page":"1180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases as Chitin-Specific Virulence Factors in Crayfish Plague"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Sabbadin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3434-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernard","family":"Henrissat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, S\u00f8ltofts Plads, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0398-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neil C.","family":"Bruce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"McQueen-Mason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20150459","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0459","article-title":"Emerging oomycete threats to plants and animals","volume":"371","author":"Derevnina","year":"2016","journal-title":"Philos. 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