{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T06:38:49Z","timestamp":1785220729698,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) patients have higher prevalence of endothelial dysfunction and premature atherosclerosis. Recent studies investigated adropin, a secretory protein that can regulate lipid metabolism and insulin resistance and protect endothelial cells\u2019 function and that has an anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to determine adropin levels in pSS patients compared to healthy controls. Additional goals were exploring the correlation between adropin and several metabolic and immunological parameters in pSS, including disease specific antibodies, EULAR Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI), and Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome Disease Damage Index (SSDDI). This research included 52 pSS patients and 52 healthy controls. pSS patients have significantly higher adropin levels compared to the control group (3.76 \u00b1 0.68 vs. 3.14 \u00b1 0.69 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.001). Correlation analysis showed that adropin levels in pSS patients have positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (r = 0.290, p = 0.036) and anti SSA\/Ro52 antibodies (r = 0.307, p = 0.026) and negative correlation with SSDDI (r = \u22120.401, p = 0.003). Multivariant linear regression showed that adropin levels are independently associated with HDL (\u03b2 \u00b1 SE, 0.903 \u00b1 0.283, p = 0.002) and SSDDI (\u03b2 \u00b1 SE, \u22120.202 \u00b1 0.073, p = 0.008). Our findings imply that adropin could be involved in the pathophysiology of pSS, yet it remains to be elucidated in future studies whether adropin has a protective or detrimental role in this setting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T08:42:32Z","timestamp":1630399352000},"page":"1296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Adropin Serum Levels in Patients with Primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marijana Jankovi\u0107","family":"Danoli\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dijana","family":"Perkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marin","family":"Petri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Bari\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarina","family":"Gugo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1634-0635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u0161ko","family":"Bo\u017ei\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"The epidemiology of Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Patel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. 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