{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T06:45:21Z","timestamp":1762325121104,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K19499","19H03380","20K21487","18K06897"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K19499","19H03380","20K21487","18K06897"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20mk0104117h0703","18mk0104117h0703","21mk0101189h0301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20mk0104117h0703","18mk0104117h0703","21mk0101189h0301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009029","name":"Adaptable and Seamless Technology Transfer Program through Target-Driven R and D","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VP30118068096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VP30118068096"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009029","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019770","name":"Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21-204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21-204"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019770","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The University of Shizuoka","award":["KUBUN 3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KUBUN 3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inhibition of K+-conductance through the human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) channel leads to QT prolongation and is associated with cardiac arrhythmias. We previously reported that physiological concentrations of some estrogens partially suppress the hERG channel currents by interacting with the S6 residue F656 and increase the sensitivity of hERG blockade by E-4031. Although these studies suggested that clinically used synthetic estrogens with similar structures have the marked potential to alter hERG functions, the hERG interactions with synthetic estrogens have not been assessed. We therefore examined whether ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic estrogen used in oral contraceptives, affects hERG function and blockade by drugs. Supratherapeutic concentrations of EE2 did not alter amplitudes or kinetics of the hERG currents elicited by train pulses at 20 mV (0.1 Hz). On the other hand, EE2 at therapeutic concentrations reduced the degree of hERG current suppression by E-4031. The administration of EE2 followed by E-4031 blockade reversed the current suppression, suggesting that the interaction of EE2 and E-4031 alters hERG at the drug-binding site. The effects of EE2 on hERG blockade raised the possibility that other estrogens, including synthetic estrogens, can alter hERG blockade by drugs that cause QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11091385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T07:52:14Z","timestamp":1632124334000},"page":"1385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Effect of a Synthetic Estrogen, Ethinylestradiol, on the hERG Block by E-4031"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fumiya","family":"Tamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shintaro","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mana","family":"Sugimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuho","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiko","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4449-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Basic Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keiichi","family":"Fukuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4724-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Ieda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9098-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junko","family":"Kurokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bio-Informational Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00002.2005","article-title":"Molecular Physiology of Cardiac Repolarization","volume":"85","author":"Nerbonne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. 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