{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T02:36:34Z","timestamp":1793068594897,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003336","name":"Bulgarian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u041a\u041f-06-\u041d31\/8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u041a\u041f-06-\u041d31\/8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The main trend of current research in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) is directed towards the discovery of novel biomarkers for disease diagnostics and progression. The pathological features of NDDs suggest that diagnostic markers can be found in peripheral fluids and cells. Herein, we investigated the thermodynamic behavior of the peripheral red blood cells (RBCs) derived from patients diagnosed with three common NDDs\u2014Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and compared it with that of healthy individuals, evaluating both fresh and aged RBCs. We established that NDDs can be differentiated from the normal healthy state on the basis of the variation in the thermodynamic parameters of the unfolding of major RBCs proteins\u2014the cytoplasmic hemoglobin (Hb) and the membrane Band 3 (B3) protein. A common feature of NDDs is the higher thermal stability of both Hb and B3 proteins along the RBCs aging, while the calorimetric enthalpy can distinguish PD from ALS and AD. Our data provide insights into the RBCs thermodynamic behavior in two complex and tightly related phenomena\u2014neurodegenerative pathologies and aging, and it suggests that the determined thermodynamic parameters are fingerprints of the altered conformation of Hb and B3 protein and modified RBCs\u2019 aging in the studied NDDs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11101500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T08:09:32Z","timestamp":1634026172000},"page":"1500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Red Blood Cells\u2019 Thermodynamic Behavior in Neurodegenerative Pathologies and Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-051X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Svetla","family":"Todinova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sashka","family":"Krumova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desislava","family":"Bogdanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry Sv. Naum, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avgustina","family":"Danailova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Zlatareva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry Sv. Naum, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolay","family":"Kalaydzhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry Sv. Naum, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariana","family":"Langari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Milanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Multiprofile Hospital for Active Treatment in Neurology and Psychiatry Sv. Naum, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6851-4516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefka G.","family":"Taneva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-019-0244-7","article-title":"Ageing as a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease","volume":"15","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.2174\/1570161111666131219113544","article-title":"Centenarian offspring: A model for understanding longevity","volume":"12","author":"Balistreri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Vasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S154","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbu025","article-title":"Comorbidity and chronic conditions in the national social life, health and aging project (NSHAP), wave 2","volume":"69","author":"Vasilopoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. B"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12590","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for Parkinson\u2019s disease\u2014A systematic review","volume":"135","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-017-0072-x","article-title":"A review of biomarkers for neurodegenerative disease: Will they swing us across the valley?","volume":"6","author":"Beach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meldolesi, J. (2021). News about the role of fluid and imaging biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases. Biomedicines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030252"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2017-0041","article-title":"Search for Alzheimer\u2019s disease biomarkers in blood cells: Hypotheses-driven approach","volume":"11","author":"Wojsiat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomark. Med."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.5114\/fn.2018.74655","article-title":"Platelets, lymphocytes and erythrocytes from Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients: The quest for blood cell-based biomarkers","volume":"56","author":"Pluta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Folia Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170363","article-title":"Exploring erythrocytes as blood biomarkers for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"60","author":"Stevenson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Alzheimer\u2019s Dis."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.3233\/CH-162066","article-title":"Identification of erythrocyte biomarkers in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"63","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Hemorheol. Microcirc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23528","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.28921","article-title":"Abnormal platelet amyloid-\u03b2 precursor protein metabolism in SAMP8 mice: Evidence for peripheral marker in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"234","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6451","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-019-1531-4","article-title":"Potential diagnostic value of red blood cells \u03b1-synuclein heteroaggregates in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"56","author":"Baldacci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, R., and Liu, H. (2019). Identification of temporal characteristic networks of peripheral blood changes in Alzheimer\u2019s disease based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Front. Aging Neurosci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00083"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Posavi, M., Diaz-Ortiz, M., Liu, B., Swanson, C.R., Skrinak, R.T., Hernandez-Con, P., Amado, D.A., Fullard, M., Rick, J., and Siderowf, A. (2019). Characterization of Parkinson\u2019s disease using blood-based biomarkers: A multicohort proteomic analysis. PLoS Med., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002931"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(16)00070-3","article-title":"CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Olsson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"Alzforum Alzbiomarker (2021, September 01). Meta-Analysis of Circulating Biomarkers in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood. Version 2.0. Available online: www.alzforum.org\/alzbiomarker."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pretini, V., Koenen, M.H., Kaestner, L., Fens, M.H.A.M., Schiffelers, R.M., Bartels, M., and van Wijk, R. (2019). Red blood cells: Chasing interactions. Front. Physiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00945"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M300132-MCP200","article-title":"The human erythrocyte proteome: Analysis by ion trap mass spectrometry","volume":"3","author":"Kakhniashvili","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.7b00025","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of human red blood cell proteome","volume":"16","author":"Bryk","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/8218912","article-title":"Conformational distortions of the red blood cell spectrin matrix nanostructure in response to temperature changes in vitro","volume":"2019","author":"Kozlova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scanning"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-12-512772","article-title":"Anatomy of the red cell membrane skeleton: Unanswered questions","volume":"127","author":"Lux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00538a026","article-title":"Evaluation of the structural interdependence of the membrane-spanning and cytoplasmic domains of band 3","volume":"21","author":"Appell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-692079","article-title":"Reversible binding of hemoglobin to band 3 constitutes the molecular switch that mediates O2 regulation of erythrocyte properties","volume":"128","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aoki, T. (2017). A comprehensive review of our current understanding of red blood cell (RBC) glycoproteins. Membranes, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes7040056"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2020.02.002","article-title":"Neuroimmune connections in aging and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"41","author":"Scheiblich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krisko, A., and Radman, M. (2019). Protein damage, ageing and age-related diseases. Open Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.180249"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinarelli, S., Longo, G., Krumova, S., Todinova, S., Danailova, A., Taneva, S.G., Lenzi, E., Mussi, V., and Girasole, M. (2018). Insight into the morphological pattern observed along the erythrocytes\u2019 aging: Coupling quantitative AFM data to microcalorimetry and Raman spectroscopy. J. Mol. Recognit., 31.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmr.2732"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. Disord."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536","article-title":"El Escorial revisited: Revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"Brooks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Amyotroph Lateral Scler. Other Motor Neuron Disord."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2011.03.005","article-title":"The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer\u2019s Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"7","author":"Mckhann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Dement."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3585","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00258a009","article-title":"Characterization of the calorimetric C transition of the human erythrocyte membrane","volume":"21","author":"Davio","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3450","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00634a024","article-title":"Calorimetric studies of the structural transitions of the human erythrocyte membrane. The involvement of spectrin in the A transition","volume":"16","author":"Brandts","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5570","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00522a034","article-title":"Protein involvement in structural transitions of erythrocyte ghosts. Use of thermal gel analysis to detect protein aggregation","volume":"20","author":"Lysko","year":"1981","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2004.08.002","article-title":"Measurement of protein stability and protein denaturation in cells using differential scanning calorimetry","volume":"35","author":"Lepock","year":"2005","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2008.12.001","article-title":"Differential scanning calorimetry of blood plasma for clinical diagnosis and monitoring","volume":"86","author":"Garbett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.05.007","article-title":"Calorimetric analysis of the plasma proteome: Identification of type 1 diabetes patients with early renal function decline","volume":"1830","author":"Garbett","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2015.10.004","article-title":"Differential scanning calorimetry as a complementary diagnostic tool for the evaluation of biological samples","volume":"1860","author":"Garbett","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2012.08.001","article-title":"Calorimetry-based profiling of blood plasma from colorectal cancer patients","volume":"1820","author":"Todinova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12355","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503677d","article-title":"Calorimetric markers of bence jones and nonsecretory multiple myeloma serum proteome","volume":"86","author":"Todinova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2015.07.002","article-title":"Calorimetric features of IgM gammopathies. Implication for patient\u2019s diagnosis and monitoring","volume":"615","author":"Krumova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2011.06.019","article-title":"DSC analysis of human plasma in breast cancer patients","volume":"524","author":"Zapf","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-015-4642-9","article-title":"Influence of oxidative injury and monitoring of blood plasma by DSC on breast cancer patients","volume":"123","author":"Zapf","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-011-1800-6","article-title":"Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of human plasma in melanoma patients with or without regional lymph node metastases","volume":"108","author":"Fekecs","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barcel\u00f3, F., Cerd\u00e0, J.J., Guti\u00e9rrez, A., Jimenez-Marco, T., Dur\u00e1n, M.A., Novo, A., Ros, T., Sampol, A., and Portugal, J. (2015). Characterization of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance by calorimetric analysis of blood serum proteome. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120316"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vega, S., Garc\u00eda-Gonz\u00e1lez, M.A., Lanas, A., Velazquez-Campoy, A., and Abian, O. (2015). Deconvolution analysis for classifying gastric adenocarcinoma patients based on differential scanning calorimetry serum thermograms. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07988"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9391","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24317","article-title":"Differential scanning calorimetry of plasma in glioblastoma: Toward a new prognostic\/monitoring tool","volume":"9","author":"Tsvetkov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2018.04.020","article-title":"Thermal liquid biopsy for monitoring melanoma patients under surveillance during treatment: A pilot study","volume":"1862","author":"Vega","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Gen. Subj."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2017.11.001","article-title":"Beneficial effect of sequential chemotherapy treatments of lung cancer patients revealed by calorimetric monitoring of blood plasma proteome denaturation","volume":"659","author":"Koynova","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"45","article-title":"Plasmatic signature of disease by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)","volume":"1964","author":"Tsvetkov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krumova, S., Balansky, R., Danailova, A., Ganchev, G., Djongov, L., Gartcheva, L., Taneva, S.G., and Todinova, S. (2020). Calorimetric assay to follow colorectal cancer development in experimental rat models. Thermochim. Acta, 691.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2020.178723"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-011-0630-5","article-title":"Preliminary use of differential scanning calorimetry of cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme","volume":"105","author":"Chagovetz","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neuro-Oncol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00249-020-01429-w","article-title":"Exothermic transitions in the heat capacity profiles of human cerebrospinal fluid","volume":"49","author":"Antonova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Biophys. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2015.11.002","article-title":"Calorimetric signatures of human cancer cells and their nuclei","volume":"623","author":"Todinova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2017.01.012","article-title":"Low-temperature exothermic transitions in brain proteome of mice, effect of scopolamine","volume":"650","author":"Tenchov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-016-5442-6","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide-induced changes in plasma and red blood cells detected by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in guinea pigs","volume":"127","author":"Farkas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-019-09064-0","article-title":"Monitoring the side effects with DSC caused by cyclophosphamide treatment","volume":"142","author":"Farkas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Therm. Anal. Calorim."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farkas, P., Szatm\u00e1ri, D., K\u00f6ncz\u00f6l, F., and L\u0151rinczy, D. (2021). Cyclophosphamide treatment evoked side effect on skeletal muscle actin, monitored by DSC. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 142.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-021-10774-7"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tca.2018.02.014","article-title":"Differential scanning calorimetry study of early and advanced stages in Parkinson\u2019s disease using human blood serum","volume":"662","author":"Michnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Thermochim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiko, T., Nakagawa, K., Satoh, A., Tsuduki, T., Furukawa, K., Arai, H., and Miyazawa, T. (2012). Amyloid \u03b2 levels in human red blood cells. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049620"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/359325a0","article-title":"Isolation and quantification of soluble Alzheimer\u2019s beta-peptide from biological fluids","volume":"35","author":"Seubert","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.2222","article-title":"Amyloid-beta peptides interact with plasma proteins and erythrocytes: Implications for their quantitation in plasma","volume":"268","author":"Kuo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.01.017","article-title":"Potential biomarkers and novel pharmacological targets in protein aggregation-related neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"131","author":"Giacomelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10855","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.8b03575","article-title":"Quantifying co-oligomer formation by \u03b1-synuclein","volume":"12","author":"Iljina","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2012.4867","article-title":"Hemoglobin redox reactions and red blood cell aging","volume":"18","author":"Rifkind","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5593","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00644a032","article-title":"Classification and localization of hemoglobin binding sites on the red blood cell membrane","volume":"16","author":"Shaklai","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2009.07.010","article-title":"Comparative proteomics of erythrocyte aging in vivo and in vitro","volume":"73","author":"Bosman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Proteom."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/11\/10\/1500\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:11:56Z","timestamp":1760166716000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/11\/10\/1500"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["biom11101500"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11101500","relation":{},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]}}}