{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T02:43:10Z","timestamp":1790476990475,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Grant Council, the Area of Excellence scheme from Hong Kong Government","award":["AoE\/M-604\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AoE\/M-604\/16"]}]},{"name":"SBS Incentive Scheme (2019-2020) - Bridging Fund from The Chinese University of Hong Kong","award":["SBS-BF(2019-2020)-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SBS-BF(2019-2020)-01"]}]},{"name":"Swiss-RF program-2020","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020","award":["10100764"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10100764"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A deficiency in GM3-derived gangliosides, resulting from a lack of lactosylceramide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3GAL5), leads to severe neuropathology, including epilepsy and metabolic abnormalities. Disruption of ganglioside production by this enzyme may also have a role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. ST3Gal5 knock-out (St3gal5\u2212\/\u2212) mice lack a-, b-, and c-series gangliosides, but exhibit no overt neuropathology, possibly owing to the production of compensatory 0-series glycosphingolipids. Here, we sought to investigate the possibility that St3gal5\u2212\/\u2212 mice might exhibit attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviours. In addition, we evaluated potential metabolic and electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities. St3gal5\u2212\/\u2212 mice were subjected to behavioural testing, glucose tolerance tests, and the levels of expression of brain and peripheral A and B isoforms of the insulin receptor (IR) were measured. We found that St3gal5\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibit locomotor hyperactivity, impulsivity, neophobia, and anxiety-like behavior. The genotype also altered blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance. A sex bias was consistently found in relation to body mass and peripheral IR expression. Analysis of the EEG revealed an increase in amplitude in St3gal5\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Together, St3gal5\u2212\/\u2212 mice exhibit ADHD-like behaviours, altered metabolic and EEG measures providing a useful platform for better understanding of the contribution of brain gangliosides to ADHD and associated comorbidities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T04:01:28Z","timestamp":1637812888000},"page":"1759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Sex-Specific ADHD-like Behaviour, Altered Metabolic Functions, and Altered EEG Activity in Sialyltransferase ST3GAL5-Deficient Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Strekalova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution \u201cInstitute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology\u201d, 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Veniaminova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3501-574X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evgeniy","family":"Svirin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution \u201cInstitute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology\u201d, 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Kopeikina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatyana","family":"Veremeyko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda W. Y.","family":"Yung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7258-7870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey","family":"Proshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of General Physiology of Functional Systems, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7258-9596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shawn Zheng Kai","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharafuddin","family":"Khairuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6692-6285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee Wei","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Peter","family":"Lesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of W\u00fcrzburg, 97080 W\u00fcrzburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Walitza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy of the University of Z\u00fcrich and the Z\u00fcrich University Hospital of Psychiatry, 8070 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1380-6655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Anthony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene D.","family":"Ponomarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Kunmin Institute of Zoology, Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases, Kunming 650000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2018.03.001","article-title":"Gangliosides in Axon Stability and Regeneration","volume":"156","author":"Lopez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog. 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