{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T03:15:30Z","timestamp":1772766930454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministarstvo prosvete, nauke i tehnoloskog razvoja, Republika Srbija","award":["451-03-9\/2021-14\/200007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-9\/2021-14\/200007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has profound anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Here, its effects were determined on experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) induced in mice by heart-specific myosin-alpha heavy chain peptide immunization. EP was applied intraperitoneally, daily, starting with the immunization. Severity of EAM was determined by histological assessment of immune cell infiltrates into the heart. Cells were phenotypically characterized by flow cytometry. Concentration of cytokines in cell culture supernatants and sera was determined by ELISA. EP reduced the infiltration of immune cells into the heart and lessened heart inflammation. Smaller number of total immune cells, as well as of CD11b+ and CD11c+ cells were isolated from the hearts of EP-treated mice. A reduced number of antigen-presenting cells, detected by anti-CD11c, MHC class II and CD86 antibodies, as well as of T helper (Th)1 and Th17 cells, detected by anti-CD4, IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17 antibodies, was determined in mediastinal lymph nodes draining the heart, in parallel. In the spleen, only the number of CD11c+ cells were reduced, but not of the other examined populations, thus implying limited systemic effect of EP. Reduced production of IFN-\u03b3 and IL-17 by myosin-alpha heavy chain peptide-restimulated cells of the lymph nodes draining the site of immunization was observed in EP-treated mice. Our results clearly imply that EP restrains autoimmunity in EAM. Therapeutic application of EP in the treatment of myocarditis in humans should be addressed in the forthcoming studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,28]],"date-time":"2021-11-28T22:19:16Z","timestamp":1638137956000},"page":"1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Ethyl Pyruvate Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3242-6869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragica","family":"Gaji\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Despotovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Histology and Embryology, University of Belgrade, Dr Suboti\u0107a 9, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Koprivica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5613-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0110or\u0111e","family":"Miljkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Saksida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research \u201cSini\u0161a Stankovi\u0107\u201d\u2014National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57613-8_10","article-title":"Cardiac Autoimmunity: Myocarditis","volume":"1003","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. 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