{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T09:48:05Z","timestamp":1776764885900,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP 48370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP 48370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1175976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1175976"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DP180102725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DP180102725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Canada Research Chairs program","award":["Salary supprt"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Salary supprt"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes Legionnaires\u2019 disease in elderly or immunocompromised individuals. This bacterium relies on the Dot\/Icm (Defective in organelle trafficking\/Intracellular multiplication) Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) and a large (&gt;330) set of effector proteins to colonize the host cell. The structural variability of these effectors allows them to disrupt many host processes. Herein, we report the crystal structure of MavL to 2.65 \u00c5 resolution. MavL adopts an ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) fold and contains the distinctive ligand-binding cleft of ART proteins. Indeed, MavL binds ADP-ribose with Kd of 13 \u00b5M. Structural overlay of MavL with poly-(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases (PARGs) revealed a pair of aspartate residues in MavL that align with the catalytic glutamates in PARGs. MavL also aligns with ADP-ribose \u201creader\u201d proteins (proteins that recognize ADP-ribose). Since no glycohydrolase activity was observed when incubated in the presence of ADP-ribosylated PARP1, MavL may play a role as a signaling protein that binds ADP-ribose. An interaction between MavL and the mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2Q1 was revealed by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. This work provides structural and molecular insights to guide biochemical studies aimed at elucidating the function of MavL. Our findings support the notion that ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation are global modifications exploited by L. pneumophila.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T20:29:27Z","timestamp":1638304167000},"page":"1802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Structural and Functional Characterization of Legionella\u00a0pneumophila Effector MavL"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kevin","family":"Voth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shivani","family":"Pasricha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivy Yeuk Wah","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachelia R.","family":"Wibawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2150-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Engku Nuraishah Huda E.","family":"Zainudin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4254-2863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth L.","family":"Hartland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miroslaw","family":"Cygler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032742","article-title":"Legionnaires\u2019 Disease: State of the Art Knowledge of Pathogenesis Mechanisms of Legionella","volume":"15","author":"Mondino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Annu. 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