{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:20:34Z","timestamp":1772252434261,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant MOST 109-2320-B-039-054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant MOST 109-2320-B-039-054"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["grant MOST 110-2320-B-039-055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["grant MOST 110-2320-B-039-055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPD1H0442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD1H0442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007300","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU109-S-45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU109-S-45"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007300","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU109-MF-115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU109-MF-115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007300","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMU110-MF-101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMU110-MF-101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Excretory\u2013secretory products (ESPs) are the main research targets for investigating the hosts and helminths interaction. Parasitic worms can migrate to parasitic sites and avoid the host immune response by secreting this product. Angiostrongylus cantonensis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage and symptoms, including eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans. Benzaldehydes are organic compounds composed of a benzene ring and formyl substituents. This compound has anti-inflammatory and antioxidation properties. Previous studies showed that 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3-HBA) and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4-HBA) can reduce apoptosis in A. cantonensis ESP-treated astrocytes. These results on the protective effect underlying benzaldehyde have primarily focused on cell survival. The study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and oxidative stress in astrocytes in A. cantonensis ESP-treated astrocytes and to evaluate the therapeutic consequent of 3-HBA and 4-HBA. First, we initially established the RNA-seq dataset in each group, including normal, ESPs, ESPs + 3-HBA, and ESPs + 4-HBA. We also found that benzaldehyde (3-HBA and 4-HBA) can stimulate astrocytes to express ER stress-related molecules after ESP treatment. The level of oxidative stress could also be decreased in astrocytes by elevating antioxidant activity and reducing ROS generation. These results suggested that benzaldehyde may be a potential therapeutic compound for human angiostrongyliasis to support brain cell survival by inducing the expression levels of ER stress- and oxidative stress-related pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T20:32:52Z","timestamp":1642969972000},"page":"177","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Benzaldehyde Attenuates the Fifth Stage Larval Excretory\u2013Secretory Product of Angiostrongylus cantonensis-Induced Injury in Mouse Astrocytes via Regulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9783-3775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuang-Yao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Ju","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Yuan","family":"Jhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lian-Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"},{"name":"Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00010890","article-title":"Experimental infection routes of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in mice","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Helminthol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.2307\/3277060","article-title":"The occurrence of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in frogs of New Caledonia with observations on paratenic hosts of metastrongyles","volume":"54","author":"Ash","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70229-9","article-title":"Human angiostrongyliasis","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120617","article-title":"Studies on eosinophilic meningitis. 2. Experimental infection of shrimp and crabs with Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"84","author":"Wallace","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120701","article-title":"Studies on eosinophilic meningitis: Experimental infection of fresh-water and marine fish with Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"85","author":"Wallace","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbosa, T.A., Thiengo, S.C., Fernandez, M.A., Graeff-Teixeira, C., Morassutti, A.L., Mour\u00e3o, F.R.P., Miranda, C.O.S., Jorge, M.M., Costa, L.F., and Gomes, S.R. (2020). Infection by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in both humans and the snail Achatina (Lissachatina) fulica in the city of Macap\u00e1, in the Amazon Region of Brazil. Mem\u00f3rias Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 115.","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760200115"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.01.012","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in Europe","volume":"93","author":"Federspiel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1311.070367","article-title":"Distribution of eosinophilic meningitis cases attributable to Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Hawaii","volume":"13","author":"Hochberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apar.2020.02.002","article-title":"Control of eosinopilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in China","volume":"110","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit444","article-title":"Severe hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis among young children in Sydney, Australia","volume":"57","author":"Morton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016000640","article-title":"An epidemiological study of A. cantonensis in Jamaica subsequent to an outbreak of human cases of eosinophilic meningitis in 2000","volume":"143","author":"Waugh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.04.016","article-title":"Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Effect of combination therapy with albendazole and dexamethasone on Th cytokine gene expression in PBMC from patients with eosinophilic meningitis","volume":"123","author":"Diao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jhan, K.-Y., Cheng, C.-J., Jung, S.-M., Lai, Y.-J., Chen, K.-Y., and Wang, L.-C. (2021). Co-Therapy of Albendazole and Dexamethasone Reduces Pathological Changes in the Cerebral Parenchyma of Th-1 and Th-2 Dominant Mice Heavily Infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis: Histopathological and RNA-seq Analyses. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11040536"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1021\/np0605182","article-title":"Neuroprotective principles from Gastrodia elata","volume":"70","author":"Huang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.05.092","article-title":"Protocatechuic aldehyde inhibits migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and intravascular thrombosis","volume":"423","author":"Moon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kong, B.S., Im, S.J., Lee, Y.J., Cho, Y.H., Do, Y.R., Byun, J.W., Ku, C.R., and Lee, E.J. (2016). Vasculoprotective Effects of 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde against VSMCs Proliferation and ECs Inflammation. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149394"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.30.1.69","article-title":"Effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genetic polymorphisms on metabolism of structurally different aldehydes in human liver","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Dispos."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(00)00313-5","article-title":"4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde from Gastrodia elata B1. is active in the antioxidation and GABAergic neuromodulation of the rat brain","volume":"73","author":"Ha","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, C.W., Han, Y.E., Kim, J., Oh, J.H., Cho, Y.H., and Lee, E.J. (2017). 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde accelerates acute wound healing through activation of focal adhesion signalling in keratinocytes. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14368-y"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2017.01.007","article-title":"4-hydroxybenzaldehyde-chitooligomers suppresses H2O2-induced oxidative damage in microglia BV-2 cells","volume":"440","author":"Oh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2020.58.1.7","article-title":"4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde Restricts the Intracellular Growth of Toxoplasma gondii by Inducing SIRT1-Mediated Autophagy in Macrophages","volume":"58","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.-Y., Chen, Y.-J., Cheng, C.-J., Jhan, K.-Y., Chiu, C.-H., and Wang, L.-C. (2020). 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde enhance survival of mouse astrocytes treated with Angiostrongylus cantonensis young adults excretory\/secretory products. Biomed. J., 43.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.11.008"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2015.08.006","article-title":"Temporal-spatial pathological changes in the brains of permissive and non-permissive hosts experimentally infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"157","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","article-title":"Trimmomatic: A flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data","volume":"30","author":"Bolger","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., and Dewey, C.N. (2011). RSEM: Accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome. BMC Bioinform., 12.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt087","article-title":"EBSeq: An empirical Bayes hierarchical model for inference in RNA-seq experiments","volume":"29","author":"Leng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/75556","article-title":"Gene ontology: Tool for the unification of biology. The Gene Ontology Consortium","volume":"25","author":"Ashburner","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/28.1.27","article-title":"KEGG: Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes","volume":"28","author":"Kanehisa","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2011.0118","article-title":"clusterProfiler: An R package for comparing biological themes among gene clusters","volume":"16","author":"Yu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Omics J. Integr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-0475-5_9","article-title":"Immunomodulatory Effect of Fasciola hepatica Excretory-Secretory Products on Macrophages","volume":"2137","author":"Guasconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12192","article-title":"Identifying the immunomodulatory components of helminthes","volume":"37","author":"Shepherd","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Crowe, J., Lumb, F.E., Harnett, M.M., and Harnett, W. (2017). Parasite excretory-secretory products and their effects on metabolic syndrome. Parasite Immunol., 39.","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12410"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mehrdana, F., and Buchmann, K. (2017). Excretory\/secretory products of anisakid nematodes: Biological and pathological roles. Acta Vet. Scand., 59.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028-017-0310-3"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Hao, C., Zhuang, Q., Zhan, B., Sun, X., Huang, J., Cheng, Y., and Zhu, X. (2020). Excretory\/Secretory Products From Trichinella spiralis Adult Worms Attenuated DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Driving PD-1-Mediated M2 Macrophage Polarization. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.563784"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.-Y., Chiu, C.-H., and Wang, L.-C. (2017). Anti-apoptotic effects of Sonic hedgehog signalling through oxidative stress reduction in astrocytes co-cultured with excretory-secretory products of larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep41574"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.-Y., Cheng, C.-J., Cheng, C.-C., Jhan, K.-Y., Chen, Y.-J., and Wang, L.-C. (2020). The excretory\/secretory products of fifth-stage larval Angiostrongylus cantonensis induces autophagy via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in mouse brain astrocytes. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008290"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.-Y., Chen, Y.-J., Cheng, C.-J., Jhan, K.-Y., and Wang, L.-C. (2020). Excretory\/secretory products of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fifth-stage larvae induce endoplasmic reticulum stress via the Sonic hedgehog pathway in mouse astrocytes. Parasites Vectors, 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04189-w"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, K.-Y., Lu, P.-J., Cheng, C.-J., Jhan, K.-Y., Yeh, S.-C., and Wang, L.-C. (2019). Proteomic analysis of excretory-secretory products from young adults of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Mem\u00f3rias Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 114.","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760180556"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.04.050","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress response is involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein ESAT-6-mediated apoptosis","volume":"584","author":"Choi","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samali, A., Fitzgerald, U., Deegan, S., and Gupta, S. (2010). Methods for monitoring endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response. Int. J. Cell Biol., 2010.","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/830307"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-013-0135-x","article-title":"The excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in skeletal muscle","volume":"6","author":"Caputo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. Rev."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-12457-1_1","article-title":"Calcium Signaling: From Basic to Bedside","volume":"1131","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-00312-2","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum stress signals in the tumour and its microenvironment","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60327-017-5_14","article-title":"Regulation of apoptosis by the unfolded protein response","volume":"559","author":"Fribley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2020.01.010","article-title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Signaling in Cancer Cells","volume":"90","author":"Oakes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524043360654","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of neurotoxicity of pathological prion protein","volume":"4","author":"Castilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Siwecka, N., Rozp\u0119dek, W., Pytel, D., Wawrzynkiewicz, A., Dziki, A., Dziki, \u0141., Diehl, J.A., and Majsterek, I. (2019). Dual role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Unfolded Protein Response Signaling Pathway in Carcinogenesis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20184354"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghemrawi, R., and Khair, M. (2020). Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176127"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2003.09.011","article-title":"Oxidative stress in malaria parasite-infected erythrocytes: Host-parasite interactions","volume":"34","author":"Becker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-3015-6","article-title":"Oxidative stress and tryptophan degradation pattern of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice","volume":"111","author":"Engin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.1900076","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Enhances Dendritic Cell Responses to Plasmodium falciparum","volume":"3","author":"Ty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2015.12.003","article-title":"How Trypanosoma cruzi deals with oxidative stress: Antioxidant defence and DNA repair pathways","volume":"767","author":"Cerqueira","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mutat. Res. Rev. Mutat. Res."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58525","article-title":"Oxidative stress fuels Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice","volume":"122","author":"Paiva","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.11.048","article-title":"Differential gene expression in Giardia lamblia under oxidative stress: Significance in eukaryotic evolution","volume":"535","author":"Raj","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.04.034","article-title":"Oxidative stress associated with pathological changes in the pancreas of cattle naturally infected by Eurytrema coelomaticum","volume":"223","author":"Schwertz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012001023","article-title":"Parasite-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue of fathead minnows exposed to trematode cercariae","volume":"139","author":"Stumbo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-0495(00)80077-3","article-title":"What is oxidative stress?","volume":"49","author":"Betteridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhatia, S., Sardana, S., Senwar, K.R., Dhillon, A., Sharma, A., and Naved, T. (2019). In vitro antioxidant and antinociceptive properties of Porphyra vietnamensis. Biomedicine, 9.","DOI":"10.1051\/bmdcn\/2019090103"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2010.04.017","article-title":"Oxidative stress in mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis coincides with enhanced glutathione-dependent enzymes activity","volume":"126","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1179\/174329210X12650506623203","article-title":"Kinetic change of oxidative stress in cerebrospinal fluid of mice infected with Angiostrongylus cantonensis","volume":"15","author":"Chung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1179\/136485910X12851868780342","article-title":"Treatment of angiostrongyliasis using a combination of albendazole and dexamethasone: The results of a retrospective and comparative study","volume":"105","author":"Diao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Biomolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/12\/2\/177\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:05:36Z","timestamp":1760133936000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2218-273X\/12\/2\/177"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["biom12020177"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom12020177","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202111.0287.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2218-273X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2218-273X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]]}}}