{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T12:18:00Z","timestamp":1790770680885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1 I01 RX002860"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1 I01 RX002860"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1I50RX003002-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1I50RX003002-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroinflammation significantly contributes to the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases. This is also the case in glaucoma and may be a reason why many patients suffer from progressive vision loss despite maximal reduction in intraocular pressure. Pioglitazone is an agonist of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) whose pleiotrophic activities include modulation of cellular energy metabolism and reduction in inflammation. In this study we employed the DBA2\/J mouse model of glaucoma with chronically elevated intraocular pressure to investigate whether oral low-dose pioglitazone treatment preserves retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival. We then used an inducible glaucoma model in C57BL\/6J mice to determine visual function, pattern electroretinographs, and tracking of optokinetic reflex. Our findings demonstrate that pioglitazone treatment does significantly protect RGCs and prevents axonal degeneration in the glaucomatous retina. Furthermore, treatment preserves and partially reverses vision loss in spite of continuously elevated intraocular pressure. These data suggest that pioglitazone may provide treatment benefits for those glaucoma patients experiencing continued vision loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]],"date-time":"2022-02-09T21:19:06Z","timestamp":1644441546000},"page":"281","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Systemic Treatment with Pioglitazone Reverses Vision Loss in Preclinical Glaucoma Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Huilan","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA"},{"name":"Human Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina V.","family":"Dumitrescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wadkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5289-0645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin W.","family":"Elwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver W.","family":"Gramlich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3940-198X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus H.","family":"Kuehn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Iowa City VA Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31469-1","article-title":"Glaucoma","volume":"390","author":"Jonas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. 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