{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:19:05Z","timestamp":1791814745115,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":238,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"PRIMA Programme. PRIMA is an Art.185 initiative supported and co-funded under Horizon 2020, the European Union\u2019s Programme for Research and Innovation.","award":["\u201cBIOPESTICIDES\u201d, (funding numbers: 01DH21010A, 01DH21010B, and 01DH21010C), (DGRSDT-Algeria), (PRIMA\/TN\/20\/07), (\uf047\uf047PRM-0357185 and \uf047\uf047PRM-0357186) and (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK) (121N251 and 121N259), under the PRIMA Programme."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u201cBIOPESTICIDES\u201d, (funding numbers: 01DH21010A, 01DH21010B, and 01DH21010C), (DGRSDT-Algeria), (PRIMA\/TN\/20\/07), (\uf047\uf047PRM-0357185 and \uf047\uf047PRM-0357186) and (T\u00dcB\u0130TAK) (121N251 and 121N259), under the PRIMA Programme."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Concerning human and environmental health, safe alternatives to synthetic pesticides are urgently needed. Many of the currently used synthetic pesticides are not authorized for application in organic agriculture. In addition, the developed resistances of various pests against classical pesticides necessitate the urgent demand for efficient and safe products with novel modes of action. Botanical pesticides are assumed to be effective against various crop pests, and they are easily biodegradable and available in high quantities and at a reasonable cost. Many of them may act by diverse yet unexplored mechanisms of action. It is therefore surprising that only few plant species have been developed for commercial usage as biopesticides. This article reviews the status of botanical pesticides, especially in Europe and Mediterranean countries, deepening their active principles and mechanisms of action. Moreover, some constraints and challenges in the development of novel biopesticides are highlighted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12020311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T22:43:22Z","timestamp":1644965002000},"page":"311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":154,"title":["Status and Prospects of Botanical Biopesticides in Europe and Mediterranean Countries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Fatma","family":"Acheuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Valorization and Conservation of Biological Resources, Faculty of Sciences, University M\u2019Hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shereen","family":"Basiouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5260-0778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awad A.","family":"Shehata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 G\u00f6denroth, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Dick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hochschule Trier, Schneidershof, 54293 Trier, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifa","family":"Hajri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Plants, Borj-Cedria Biotechnology Center, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salma","family":"Lasram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Physiology of Plants, Borj-Cedria Biotechnology Center, BP. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0982-727X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mete","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3441-0553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mevl\u00fct","family":"Emekci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Ke\u00e7i\u00f6ren, Ankara 06135, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5616-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Tsiamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Systems Microbiology and Applied Genomics, Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 2 Seferi St, 30100 Agrinio, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Spona-Friedl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bavarian NMR Center, Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"May-Simera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9832-8279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Eisenreich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bavarian NMR Center, Structural Membrane Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6389-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Spyridon","family":"Ntougias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. 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