{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:39:41Z","timestamp":1791772781879,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Miami Clinical Translational Science Institute","award":["U54DK083912, UM1DK100846, U01DK116101 and UL1TR000460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54DK083912, UM1DK100846, U01DK116101 and UL1TR000460"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK117599, R01DK104753 and R01CA227493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK117599, R01DK104753 and R01CA227493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007664","name":"Manpei Suzuki Diabetes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["*"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["*"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007664","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In this review, we will discuss mitochondrial dysfunction observed in preclinical models of DKD as well as in clinical DKD with a focus on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), biogenesis, fission and fusion, mitophagy and urinary mitochondrial biomarkers. Both glucose- and non-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction will be discussed. In terms of glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, the energetic shift from OXPHOS to aerobic glycolysis, called the Warburg effect, occurs and the resulting toxic intermediates of glucose metabolism contribute to DKD-induced injury. In terms of non-glucose-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, we will review the roles of lipotoxicity, hypoxia and vasoactive pathways, including endothelin-1 (Edn1)\/Edn1 receptor type A signaling pathways. Although the relative contribution of each of these pathways to DKD remains unclear, the goal of this review is to highlight the complexity of mitochondrial dysfunction in DKD and to discuss how markers of mitochondrial dysfunction could help us stratify patients at risk for DKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12030351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T09:34:38Z","timestamp":1645608878000},"page":"351","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Glucose- and Non-Glucose-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-2851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret Zvido","family":"Gurumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Merscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Fornoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e000059","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.111.000059","article-title":"Mortality rates in trials of subjects with type 2 diabetes","volume":"1","author":"Barkoudah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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