{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T20:47:06Z","timestamp":1790196426387,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646179200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000125","name":"National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54 OH010162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 OH010162"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000125","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01BX003635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01BX003635"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I01BX005413"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I01BX005413"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IK6BX003781"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IK6BX003781"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AG053553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG053553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R25AA020818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R25AA020818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most individuals diagnosed with alcohol use disorders smoke cigarettes. Large concentrations of malondialdehyde and acetaldehyde are found in lungs co-exposed to cigarette smoke and alcohol. Aldehydes directly injure lungs and form aldehyde protein adducts, impacting epithelial functions. Recently, 2-(3-Amino-6-chloroquinolin-2-yl)propan-2-ol (ADX-102) was developed as an aldehyde-trapping drug. We hypothesized that aldehyde-trapping compounds are protective against lung injury derived from cigarette smoke and alcohol co-exposure. To test this hypothesis, we pretreated mouse ciliated tracheal epithelial cells with 0\u2013100 \u00b5M of ADX-102 followed by co-exposure to 5% cigarette smoke extract and 50 mM of ethanol. Pretreatment with ADX-102 dose-dependently protected against smoke and alcohol induced cilia-slowing, decreases in bronchial epithelial cell wound repair, decreases in epithelial monolayer resistance, and the formation of MAA adducts. ADX-102 concentrations up to 100 \u00b5M showed no cellular toxicity. As protein kinase C (PKC) activation is a known mechanism for slowing cilia and wound repair, we examined the effects of ADX-102 on smoke and alcohol induced PKC epsilon activity. ADX-102 prevented early (3 h) activation and late (24 h) autodownregulation of PKC epsilon in response to smoke and alcohol. These data suggest that reactive aldehydes generated from cigarette smoke and alcohol metabolism may be potential targets for therapeutic intervention to reduce lung injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12030393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T08:37:16Z","timestamp":1646210236000},"page":"393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Aldehyde Trapping by ADX-102 Is Protective against Cigarette Smoke and Alcohol Mediated Lung Cell Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Carmen A.","family":"Ochoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire G.","family":"Nissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deanna D.","family":"Mosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Destiny L.","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina L.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd A.","family":"Wyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA"},{"name":"Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5910, USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, October 05). 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