{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:52:28Z","timestamp":1791237148387,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preeclampsia is a maternal hypertensive disease, complicating 2\u20138% of all pregnancies. It has been linked to a 2\u20137-fold increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, later in life. A total of 40% of formerly preeclamptic women develop preclinical heart failure, which may further deteriorate into clinical heart failure. Noninvasive cardiac imaging could assist in the early detection of myocardial abnormalities, especially in the preclinical stage, when these changes are likely to be reversible. Moreover, imaging studies can improve our insights into the relationship between preeclampsia and heart failure and can be used for monitoring. Cardiac ultrasound is used to assess quantitative changes, including the left ventricular cavity volume and wall thickness, myocardial mass, systolic and diastolic function, and strain. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may be of additional diagnostic value to assess diffuse and focal fibrosis and perfusion. After preeclampsia, sustained elevated myocardial mass along with reduced myocardial circumferential and longitudinal strain and decreased diastolic function is reported. These findings are consistent with the early phases of heart failure, referred to as preclinical (asymptomatic) or B-stage heart failure. In this review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of the potential of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography in identifying formerly preeclamptic women who are at high risk for developing heart failure. The potential contribution to early cardiac screening of women with a history of preeclampsia and the pros and cons of these imaging modalities are outlined. Finally, recommendations for future research are presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12030415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]],"date-time":"2022-03-07T10:21:16Z","timestamp":1646648476000},"page":"415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Noninvasive Cardiac Imaging in Formerly Preeclamptic Women for Early Detection of Subclinical Myocardial Abnormalities: A 2022 Update"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yentl","family":"Brandt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chahinda","family":"Ghossein-Doha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne C.","family":"Gerretsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc E. A.","family":"Spaanderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7562-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Eline","family":"Kooi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands"},{"name":"CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, T.A., Kahn, D.A., and Loewendorf, A.I. 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