{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:25:53Z","timestamp":1789053953786,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":143,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]],"date-time":"2022-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648080000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008730","name":"Norwegian Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100933 and 182609"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100933 and 182609"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008730","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endocan is a soluble dermatan sulfate proteoglycan expressed by endothelial cells and detected in serum\/plasma. Its expression is increased in tumors\/tumor vessels in several human malignancies, and high expression (high serum\/plasma levels or tumor levels) has an adverse prognostic impact in several malignancies. The p14 endocan degradation product can also be detected in serum\/plasma, but previous clinical studies as well as previously unpublished results presented in this review suggest that endocan and p14 endocan fragment levels reflect different biological characteristics, and the endocan levels seem to reflect the disease heterogeneity in acute leukemia better than the p14 fragment levels. Furthermore, decreased systemic endocan levels in previously immunocompetent sepsis patients are associated with later severe respiratory complications, but it is not known whether this is true also for immunocompromised acute leukemia patients. Finally, endocan is associated with increased early nonrelapse mortality in (acute leukemia) patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation, and this adverse prognostic impact seems to be independent of the adverse impact of excessive fluid overload. Systemic endocan levels may also become important to predict cytokine release syndrome after immunotherapy\/haploidentical transplantation, and in the long-term follow-up of acute leukemia survivors with regard to cardiovascular risk. Therapeutic targeting of endocan is now possible, and the possible role of endocan in acute leukemia should be further investigated to clarify whether the therapeutic strategy should also be considered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:05:18Z","timestamp":1648166718000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Endocan in Acute Leukemia: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5439-8411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5kon","family":"Reikvam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberley Joanne","family":"Hatfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Wendelbo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roald","family":"Lind\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Lassalle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR9017, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Center for Infection and Immunity, le Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Univeristy of Lille, 59000 Lille, France"},{"name":"Centre d\u2019Infection et d\u2019Immunit\u00e9 de Lille, Equipe Immunit\u00e9 Pulmonaire, University of Lille, 59000 Lille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein","family":"Bruserud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520619666190705151542","article-title":"ESM-1: A Novel Tumor Biomaker and its Research Advances","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Agents Med. 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