{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:39:23Z","timestamp":1791830363864,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gachon University research fund of 2020","award":["GCU-202002780001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202002780001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Biomolecules"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cinnamomum\u00a0cassia is a natural product found in plants that has been used as a folk remedy for inflammation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of C.\u00a0cassia extract (ECC) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine RAW 264.7 cells, in comparison with 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde, a C. cassia extract component. ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde inhibited the production of nitrite oxide in a dose-dependent manner and did not show any change in cellular toxicity when treated with the same dose as that used in the nitrite assay. Moreover, they attenuated ROS accumulation after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde decreased the mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) and cytokines such as TNF and IL-6. We also found that ECC and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehyde mitigated the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and transcription factors, such as NF-\u03baB and STAT3, suppressing NF-\u03baB nuclear translocation in LPS-activated macrophages. In addition, administration of ECC in a Sprague Dawley rat model of acute gastric injury caused by indomethacin significantly increased the gastric mucus volume. Analysis of serum and tissue levels of inflammatory mediators revealed a significant decrease in serum PGE2 and myeloperoxidase levels and a reduction in gastric iNOS, COX-2, and p65 protein levels. Collectively, these results suggest that ECC has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and is a potential candidate for curing gastritis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040525","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T21:22:14Z","timestamp":1648675334000},"page":"525","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Molecular Mechanism of Cinnamomum cassia against Gastric Damage and Identification of Active Compounds"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Myong Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye Jin","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwi Seo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sungyoul","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin Jung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin-si 16995, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6521-3822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung-Joo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ki Sung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, J.H., Kwak, H.J., Shin, D., Seo, H.J., Park, S.J., Hong, B.H., Shin, M.S., Kim, S.H., and Kang, K.S. 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